Ayrshire breed of cows - the most common dairy breed in the world.Despite the general "golshtinizatcii" dairy herd in recent decades, Ayrshire confidently hold leading positions in the market of dairy products.It's not only highly productive animals, but also a fine example of breeding breeders in terms of aesthetics: proportional, elegant, with large horns liroobraznoy great shape with flirty bend back and the amazing beauty of the eyes of the animal.
History of breed
Ayrshire breed cows (photo in the article) officially as an independent population was recognized in the early 19th century.In 1877 there was the first stud book.His name was on the Scottish county of Ayr.In creating Ayrshire took several cattle breeds: Dutch, alderneyskogo, Flemish, tisvaterskogo.These animals are cast multiple blood improves local livestock.The main influence was exerted by representatives of the Dutch breed.
very widespread Ayrshire breed cows received in Finland.It was delivered in 1845 and 1901 in Finland was organized by the tribal union Ayrshire.Cows are perfectly adapted to northern conditions and began to dominate the Finnish breed.
Animals Finnish lines and it is necessary to have high butterfat content.It is high yielding animal population in the world.The class life milk yield of 100 000 kg recorded more than 2000 cows, and in a class 150,000 recorded more than 30 animals.The fat content of milk is on average 4.28%.
Description animals
Ayrshire breed cows has its distinctive features.Animals can be described as follows:
- proportioned cow milk type characteristic;
- properly set, strong limbs;
- oblique body length - up to 159 cm;
- deep chest;
- withers height - 120-125 cm;
- metacarpus an average of 17.5 cm;
- cup-shaped udder with regular installments and wide-set nipples of medium length;
- easy elegant, slightly elongated in the front of the head;
- horns large liroobraznye (today there is a line of hornless cows, there is a practice of burning the horns of calves);
- thin neck with fine pleats (a sign of milking cows);
- color red and mottled, and can dominate the white and red color from light to dark red, almost brown color;
- hair soft, elastic skin and delicate;
- average live weight of cattle - up to 500 kg, bulls - up to 850 kg.
quality milk
There are several signs of milk quality and efficiency, which stands Ayrshire breed cows.They have such features:
- milk is perfect for making cheese and butter;
- average yield is up to 4000 kg per lactation (it is the world average);
- milk fat content not less than 3.8% but not more than 4.4%;
- low somatic cells;
- protein content - up to 3.8%.
Milk of high quality is widely used in the production of baby food.From cows rekordsmenok nadaivayut to 11 thousand kg of milk per lactation (duration is 305 days).The breed is considered the most balanced and cost-effective in dairy cattle breeding.
Advantages over other breeds
When selecting animals for dairy cattle has a preference Ayrshire breed cows.Characteristic of its advantages over other species is as follows:
- stability of milking;
- simplicity of the content;
- fast adaptation to new conditions of detention;
- active temperament, allowing you to quickly train the animals to machine milking;
- ability of cows for calving unassisted;
- high efficiency of feed conversion;
- perfect health;
- earliness of cows inseminated at the age of 15 months;
- rock can be used as an improver;
- daily gain of young - up to 850 grams;
- meat yield in adult animals - up to 55%, and at fattening it reaches 60%;
- long milk yield of cows.
exceptional qualities of animals allowed to win the favor of many milk producers from the industry giants to private farms.
Many small farmers in herds with a small livestock shows Ayrshire breed cows.Reviews are only positive and always in superlatives: the best milk production, the most unpretentious, most beautiful, most intelligent, and more.
Record lifetime milk yield was recorded cows at age 21.In all the years of her got 128 tons of milk.
Halo breeding breed
Ayrshire breed cows distributed worldwide.Property quickly get used to the new conditions of detention contributed to its spread from Scotland to Australia and New Zealand.Ayrshire can be found in North and South America, Africa and the Middle East.
for the preservation and further development of the red cattle breeds, which is based Ayrshire, and avoid close inbreeding breeding farms Nordic countries - Finland, Sweden and Denmark - have teamed up in an international organization VikingGenetics and developed a program of "Red Viking» (VikingRed).The main objective - improving the cattle and dairy breeders to provide first-class genetic material.
