the basis of any kind of industrial activity is the production process.It is a related labor product conversion steps (materials, raw materials) in the final product, which is the purpose of production.
Types of production processes as diverse as it is varied these economic goals, as well as the means of achieving them.
Classification of manufacturing processes.
Classification of manufacturing processes can be carried out on various grounds.
1. First of all, the processes can be divided into main, auxiliary, servicing and management based on the role assigned to them in the overall system of production.
- Main - on the basis of which, in fact, the company produced products.
- Auxiliary - to ensure normal and smooth operation of the main.For example, construction and installation works, power generation, production of spare parts, accessories, tools.Their findings "support" production, which is the subject of the specialization of the enterprise.
- Operating ensure the relationship between major and minor.To those can be attributed warehousing, logistics, handling, transport, control, picking procedure.
- Management.These include the types of production processes that are designed to coordinate all the work of the enterprise, the compatibility of other regulatory processes that determine their feasibility and economic efficiency.Often, they are closely intertwined with the main, auxiliary and service processes.
2. In terms of the nature of the process can be divided into discontinuous and continuous.
- Discontinuous (digital), within which the process steps are separated by time intervals.
- types Continuous production processes involve no gaps between the technological operations.
3. According to the degree of mechanization of the processes are divided into:
- Hand implemented, as the name implies, without the use of machinery.
- Machine-hand group of production processes involving the use of machinery or power tools with the obligatory participation of the workers.For example, these include the machining of parts on a lathe or milling machine.
- machines - occurring with the use of mechanisms, machines or cars and require little human intervention.
- Automated - processes in which production is carried out automatically, the role of human work is reduced to the control mechanisms.
- Automatic lines, production which does not require human intervention.
4. Depending on the complexity of the product types of manufacturing processes can be:
- simple, include an operation aimed at changing the properties of objects of the same type of work.For example, the production of a kit of parts.
- complex, consisting of simple operations, the implementation of which is aimed at the production of the final product or its intermediate unit.For example, final assembly of the car.
5. On the basis of the scale of production of one type of production processes divided into:
- Individual intended for the production of non-recurring products.Used in workshops, producing articles frequently updated nomenclature.They require highly skilled workers and a multi-use complex technology.Example - experimental production.
- Series, designed for production in small series, repeated at regular intervals.In this case, the fixed portion of the specific operations that are performed in sequence.Mass
- applied in cases where production is aimed to produce homogeneous products in large quantities and over a long time.
