Surely each faced with a situation where due to lack of information, misinterpretation of others' emotions and feelings distorted estimates this or that act of another.Most often, these findings are based on their own conjectures or prevailing opinion about a person.
history and study of the phenomenon in psychology
founder of the term "causal attribution" in psychology researcher F. Haider began in the mid-twentieth century.He first announced plans showing the reasons for which a person creates an opinion about some event or person.Haider's idea immediately picked up by other psychologists, in particular, Lee Ross and George Kelly.Great job in understanding the causes of behavior did Kelly, expanding range of research foundations to attribution of emotions and feelings.The more people get to know one another, the more it includes a desire to know the motive for his actions.In the process of human cognition is based on data already known to him, but sometimes they can be too small to create a complete picture of the behavior and explain the action.The issue can not remain unresolved due to lack of information, a person begins to think out something that I could not explain.That is ignorance of the causes of others' actions gives the person a reason to come up with their own, relying on his own observations of the behavior of another person.This phenomenon is described in psychology as "causal attribution".
criteria for the attribution of the causes of the behavior of Kelly.
significant step in the development of psychology helped make causal attribution as a phenomenon of interpersonal communication.In his theory of Kelly he tried to establish what criteria a person uses when trying to explain the reasons for others' behavior.Studies have found 3 criteria:
-
this is a human constant (criterion of permanence);
-
such behavior is different from other people (the criterion of exclusivity);
-
normal behavior (Criterion consensus).
If a person solves the problem as the previous ones, then his behavior continued.When answering the obvious question people respond very differently, the conclusion of the principle of exclusivity."In this situation, so many behave" - a direct proof of the ordinary.Looking reasons explaining the behavior of another person to a greater or lesser extent, fit in this scheme.It gives a general characteristics, and a set of reasons for each individual.It remains a question that still has not been able to give an answer to the causal attribution: the use of each of the criteria in any situation people will resort?
manifestation of causal attribution in relation to themselves and others
feature of this phenomenon is that the man in relation to himself uses totally different motives.Errors causal attribution consist in the fact that a person justifies the actions of others personal qualities.And their actions explained by external circumstances - of course, because we are more self indulgent.In a situation where the other person does not fulfill its mission, we are giving him the title of lazy and irresponsible person.If the job is not carried out, I mean, I prevented the weather, loud music behind the wall, poor health, etc.The reason for this view is that the behavior we consider normal, and the behavior that is different from ours, we treat as abnormal.
