domestic electronic industry has overcome the half-century anniversary.It originated in the Soviet Union, and when there was a formation of the leading research centers and high-tech enterprises.We were on the way, and the ups and oblivion.Currently, the strategy of the development of electronic industry until 2025, as well as implementing a joint program of the Union State "base."
locomotive industry
electronics can be compared with the "gray cardinal" of the economy - developments in the field are rarely decorated with headlines, but its development depends on the global state of many industrial enterprises and military industries.For security reasons, you can not always use the components of foreign partners, and economic benefits of domestic products is obvious.It is no coincidence in the time of the USSR Ministry of Electronic Industry acted with such giants Microelectronics as "Micron", "integral", "Å", "Zenith", "LOMO", "Long-distance communication" and others.
Past and Future
In the Soviet Union the enterprise electronic industry were dispersed over a vast territory, mainly in the European part of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.At the same time they constituted a single interconnected complex that with the collapse of the Union ceased to exist.
in the "dashing 90" the vast majority of Russian companies specialized in fact lost its potential.The electronics industry in Russia has largely been phased out: survived only permanent leader of "the Research Institute of Molecular Electronics" and the factory "Micron" (JSC "Mikron") and JSC "Angstrom", located in Zelenograd.
The conditions turned out to be some of the best Minsk "Integral", supported personally by President Lukashenko.However, he lost large orders dual purpose.The company has reduced the scale of production, but due to government support and focus on small-scale orders of high-tech products from domestic consumers and purchasers of electronic-component base (ECB) from other countries to stay afloat.
Fortunately, in the mid-2000s.Russian leadership has realized the strategic importance of the development of its own electronics, and in 2007 adopted the "Strategy for development of electronic industry until 2025".Already there are obvious positive changes in this area, especially in the military and space industry and security.
«base»
In parallel with the development of the concept of intra-running program "Basis", provides for the restoration of scientific-production chains between research institutes and enterprises of Russia and Belarus in the framework of the Union State.Moreover, the project "basis" has become one of the highest priorities, surpassing development programs in aerospace, chemical industry, optics, production of diesel units, the development of laser technology.
fact reviving the electronic industry of the USSR - or rather, its potential.Relying on teamwork in this segment, the initiators of integration trying to write a new page in the history of the revival of the electronics, but with a contemporary twist, venturing into the submicron range.The focus is placed to the strategic objectives of our countries - security and maintenance of defenses.
Foreign experience
Meanwhile, the electronics industry of the world is moving forward by leaps and bounds.In the US, for example, in terms of electronics came the added product in the first place, ahead of automotive and aviation industries.Active government support for the industry have China, Taiwan, India, Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia.Here, electronics are considered as an effective lever to lift the national economy and entry into the world market.
high-tech corporations seeking to spur this scientific direction, sparing no bailouts.Every year scientific and technical programs are up to 12 billion dollars.
Trends and development
Particular attention is paid to the development of technologies for the production of sub-micron VLSI circuits (VLSI).Over the past 30-40 years, the element base has gone through several generations of development: there will be more (BIS), extra large and on the basis slozhnofunktsionalnye system-on-chip (SoC).
Analysts have long noted that in the modern world of electronics determines progress in various spheres - communications, industry, transport, telecommunications, health care, banking and social fields, military equipment and so on. D. New technologies in the electronics industry have allowed a number of countries, such asUnited States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France and others, hold the lever of world domination: the military, technical, financial and political.
Cutting-Edge
is significant that the volume of products produced by the global electronics industry exceeds production of oil, petrol and minerals almost 4.5 times, chemical products and plastics - 3 times the volume of cargo - 2.5times, electricity and gas production - more than 2 times.Equally positive looks and calculated economic efficiency of electronics in developed countries:
- industry growth rate three times higher than the GDP growth rate;
- average payback period - 2-3 years;
- one dollar investments allows you to receive up to $ 100 in the final product;
- 1 kg of microelectronic components is more than 100 tonnes of oil;
- creation of one job in the electronics industry leads to the creation of four jobs in other industries.
Why develop electronics
Based on the experience of world leaders, it can be argued that the development of the electronics industry leads to the integral effect, far beyond just the industry.It promotes the growth of high-tech products, increased competitiveness and technological level of computer, missile and aerospace, aviation, engineering, transport, machine and other equipment.
Volumes of production of electronic components is growing steadily, determining progress in the most promising areas - aerospace and electronic industries, robotics and instrumentation, and others.
Electronics Industry of Russia and Belarus
clear that to stay away from these global processes can not beand the countries of the former Soviet Union.Give priority to the development of electronics and least popular areas - microelectronics, as "points of growth" of the economy and national security, was the result of joint work within the framework of the Union State.
through interaction and efficiently achieve the objectives of the revival of the microelectronics industry as a priority sector and the creation of new semiconductor devices at the Russian-Belarusian element-based component laid Union programs "microsystems", "base", "Pramen".
national electronics industry has received a boost: developed dozens of part types of functionally-specialized microelectronic products corresponding to world standards.In 2013 he completed another important project with the participation of experts and scientists of our country - the program "Design and development of a series of integrated circuits and semiconductor devices for special equipment and dual-use".The budget of the Russian side is defined in the amount of 975 million Russian rubles, Belarus - 525 million.
immediate future
Judging by the significant revival in the domestic market of electronic components, increased attention and support from government agencies, news media, conducted very active work.It has become more real and foreseeable future development of microelectronics in the near future.Solve the important task of building components for expanding the range of development and implementation of electronic equipment, systems, residential, industrial and special use, according to the elimination of the national electronics industry from imports and a significant increase in its export potential.
By the way, about the need to create and develop domestic technology in microelectronics Russian Academician KA Valiev said in the early 2000s.He acknowledged, however, that the task is not easy, and it can only be run with a special modern technological equipment.Necessary financial and logistical support microelectronics able to target programs that are deployed at the state level.
Defending the Motherland
With regard to the military sphere, the high-precision microelectronics has registered for a long time here.Today we can talk about the creation of modern electronic-component base for the production of highly effective defense.New semiconductor devices and chips have been used in more than a hundred new types of weapons.The main areas of use:
- radars;
- anti-aircraft missile systems, including the famous S-400 and S-500 developed;
- electronic warfare systems: noise reduction, the interception, radio suppression.
Well established among consumers of the Russian military-industrial complex new design and technological solutions and IMS typology, patented in the Russian Federation to ensure high reliability and availability of devices in conditions of increased radiation, neutron irradiation, gamma and X-rays, electromagnetic pulse.Such specifications and data are extremely important for weapon systems, electronic control systems for military and space technology, control systems and nuclear safety.
Flagships microelectronics
To create such a high-precision machinery, equipped with sophisticated ECB, it was necessary to unite the efforts of research centers and champions of microelectronics in Russia and Belarus.Thus, the program "Basic" is the next step in the creation of new technologies.
total in its implementation as the main performers and subcontractors perform about 40 research institutes and industrial enterprises.The main provider of microelectronic components double-component base and special purpose - Belarusian JSC "Integral".On the Russian side the baton to create high-tech products on the basis of modern electronics picks up a group of companies "Micron" - the biggest in post-Soviet microelectronics manufacturer, belongs to the industrial holding JSC "RTI".
JSC "Mikron" - a company with nearly half a century of history, the technological leader of the Russian semiconductor industry.There is now engaged in research, development, production and sales of integrated circuits, including for export.In 2012, we launched a new production line of microchips with topological level of 90 nm.The partners are the state corporation RUSNANO and European giant STMicroelectronics.
Science and Industry
electronics industry is impossible without scientific research.Parent enterprise "Micron" comprehensive entrusted the comprehensive R & D (research, development activities), what helps him the 15 largest radio-electronic enterprises in Russia.
The complex includes a R & D research and 26 development activities for the creation of 54 part types of import-substituting electronic components with a higher degree of integration, very precise and functional characteristics.In particular, "Micron" to solve a range of problems, one of which is dedicated to the development and implementation of VLSI microprocessor with built-in operating system for smart cards and electronic documents.
Afterword
should be understood that the latest high quality microelectronics for military and space equipment Western companies to domestic enterprises are in no hurry to sell.Therefore, the primary task for the near future in the implementation of strategic sectoral policies - implementation of technological breakthrough into the future.
