Nowadays, there is a rapid increase in world population.This leads to an increase in consumption of resources.As a result, humanity appeared before a new problem associated with the growth of the number of different kinds of waste.Not all objects and substances discarded unable to dispose of.Most of the waste is transported to landfills, which over time can become a cause an ecological disaster.
What is waste
According to the legislation, the waste - all items, materials and substances formed as a result of production or operation, as well as goods that have lost consumer value, unsuitable for further use and must be disposed of or destroyed.Hazardous waste - a substance and objects, physical, biological and chemical properties of which are harmful for living things and require special handling and disposal.
Classification of waste hazard class
Depending on the level of exposure on the human body all household and industrial waste are divided into groups.For different objects pollution (solid objects, liquids, hazardous fumes, and so. D.) Identified hazard classes.The legislation of the Russian Federation are 5 classes of human waste and industrial processes:
- Class 1 - extraordinary waste. level of negative impact on living creatures such facilities is very high.The accumulation of waste of 1 class gradually leads to the destruction of the environment, which can not be corrected.
- Grade 2 - highly hazardous wastes.The degree of impact on the environment is referred to as high.This group of waste strongly violates ecosystem recovery time which is more than 30 years after the elimination of the impact of destructive factors.
- Grade 3 - moderately hazardous waste and substances.The level of destruction is estimated as an average, and the period of recovery of the environment may last at least 10 years.
- Grade 4 - low-hazard waste.The degree of impact on the environment is characterized as low, to restore ecological balance will need at least 3 years after the removal of the harmful factor.
- Grade 5 - non-hazardous waste.Items and substances that affect the ecology of the group to a low degree, practically without disturbing its components.
Waste 4, 5 class of danger are the most harmless to human health.
that belongs to a class of 5
on the territory of Russia to the 5 class of hazard include the following wastes:
- shells from eggs;
- chips and sawdust of natural wood;
- wooden packing;
- pieces of cardboard, paper, corrugated cardboard;
- straw and wood ash;
- unusable ceramics;
- building rubble, which lost consumer value;
- broken building brick;
- waste gypsum;
- used abrasive wheels;
- boiler scale;
- cement waste in solid form;
- iron, steel scrap, unserviceable remains of ferrous metals and aluminum;
- steel wool;
- iron barrels;
- plastic products;
- plastic waste - film bags;
- large living waste;
- large household garbage of different businesses and organizations;
- food waste of restaurants, cafes;
- debris after cleaning large areas and premises of wholesale and retail trade;
- waste and defective lamps;
- waste insulated cables and wires;
- debris after harvest of educational, cultural and sports institutions.
5 All waste hazard class, the list mentioned above, are familiar to everyone.All of them are in fact the products of human activity.Features
waste storage
Storage Hazard Class 5 wastes carried out in accordance with regulatory requirements.So, for temporary storage of waste shall be constructed special platforms.Important requirements for such places:
- they should be placed with the most windy side of the building;
- above the ground should be a canopy that will protect the wastes from precipitation;
- surface area must be resistant coating (eg, cement);
- around the perimeter have to be a network of storm drains with special wastewater treatment designs.
Never connect rainwater catchment area with municipal storm sewer or dumping contaminated water coming waters.
Waste Management at the district, city or region is governed by the local authorities, provided that the regional regulations do not conflict with federal laws.
Waste transportation
Waste Disposal 5 hazard class carried out by licensed companies.Terms and frequency of removal from the territory of temporary storage of regulated accumulation limits that are set corresponding project.
transport the waste can be specifically directed to this transport, which should have a definite identification.Waste Class 4 and 5 are transported to landfills.There may be up to such time as they do not take on recycling processing plant.
utilization of domestic and industrial waste
use of waste hazard class 5 - a serious problem, the solution of which should be dealt with not only the processors, but the whole state.Recycling of industrial and household waste is important not only to preserve the environment.This process has commercial value.Thus, during the combustion or fermentation of organic matter produced energy and raw materials for the production of compost, building materials and so on. D.
in Russia Hazard Class 5 wastes, the list mentioned above, separate recycling company.They have a special license to transport and disposal of such materials and articles.The only type of material, the processing of which does not require authorization, - Plastics.In this case, enough to get a certificate of affiliation to a particular class of waste.This document is issued by an accredited laboratory following the identification of the waste.
World practice of waste disposal
Many countries prefer to use incinerators machine.They not only allow to destroy the waste, but also provide an opportunity to transform heat into useful energy.The greatest effect of the disposal of waste 5 classes can be obtained by using complex technology - the same type of material recycling and incineration of other species.International experts in the field claim that in the near future recycling 5th grade with production of electricity and thermal energy will be the main method of disposal.They suggest that the state should create incinerators, which will be sorting and disposal of waste hazard class 5 for further processing.That is, the entire system will be created for processing, in which the structure will operate specialized plants for recycling of certain types of materials - glass, paper, wood, metal, and so on. D.
Particularly relevant question of recycling in countries with limited territory.For example, in Sweden, banned from landfill.In this country, the garbage is used as a source of raw materials and fuel.Therefore, waste disposal 5 class of danger in landfills there is not even considered.Local authorities believe household and industrial waste cost-effective resource, where you can earn good.Sweden currently uses processing technology to provide heat and power entire cities.
Why should I recycle waste hazard class 5
Waste List this group is composed by experts after thorough research and analysis.Thus, their safety proved and documented by certain organizations.Despite this, waste 5 classes required.Although the objects and substances of this group do not cause appreciable harm to nature and man, they are very different threat.
The fact that the amount of such waste every day is growing steadily.Used items, expired products, different packaging - all of this very soon goes to landfill.Therefore, utilization of waste hazard class 5 considered a problem in all of modern society and requires a competent organization to prevent global environmental disaster in the future.
Contraband waste
It would seem safe disposal of waste is not a priority issue, which must deal with the state.But in fact, this process requires close monitoring of higher state institutions.The fact that some companies are trying to be disposed of waste 4, 5 class of danger.Waste Grade 5 is much cheaper than the objects and substances 4 groups.And many organizations use it.State control are closely monitored for compliance with the laws and violations can be fined.Therefore it is better to stick to the rules of environmental safety and well-distributed Hazard Class 5 wastes.The list of such substances and materials are required to know the company in all directions.
