Strategic planning of military operations carried out based on the staffs of the armies of several underlying assumptions.These include raising a precondition command on the operational situation and seamless exchange of information.In the case of non-compliance with any of these two criteria, even the most powerful army in the world, armed with a huge amount of modern equipment and staffed with selected soldiers, transformed into a helpless crowd burdened with piles of scrap metal.Reception and transmission of information are currently being implemented by means of exploration, discovery, and communication.About to knock out the enemy's radar and destroy his communications, the dream of every strategy.To carry out this can be the means and methods of electronic warfare (EW).
Early methods electronic countermeasures
As soon as the electronics, it began to be used by defense agencies.The benefits of wireless communication, invented by Popov, instantly appreciated the Imperial Russian Navy.During the First World War air reception and transmission of information are commonplace.At the same time and the first methods of electronic warfare, yet timid and not very effective.To create interference airplanes and airships dropped from a height of Reza aluminum foil to thwart the passage of radio waves.Of course, this method has many disadvantages, he worked long and full communication channel do not overlap.In the years 1914-1918 was extended another important way to EW, common in our time.The tasks included scouts and signalers essential intercept enemy communications.For information very quickly learned to encrypt, but even the assessment of the intensity of traffic allowed to staff analysts to judge for itself.
Role of Information in World
After World War II electronic warfare entered a new phase of development.The power submarines and aircraft Nazi Germany demanded an effective opposition.In Britain and the US, countries faced with the problem of security of the Atlantic Communications, began serious work on creation of means of distant detection of surface and air targets, in particular, bombers and missiles FAA.Acutely was a question about the possibility of deciphering the messages of the German submariners.Despite the impressive work of mathematical analysts and the presence of some achievements, electronic warfare became effective only after the capture of (random) secret Engima machines.The real value of research in the field of misinformation and interrupt information structure of Germany in World War II and have not found, but the experience accumulated.
Army as a living organism
During the Cold War electronic warfare began to take shape, similar to the modern concept of them.Armed Forces if they likened to a living organism, possess senses, the brain and the security forces directly engaged in fire impact on the enemy."Ears" and "eyes" of the army - surveillance, detection and identification of objects that could pose a threat to the security of tactical or strategic level.The function of the brain performs headquarters.Because of his subtle "nerve" communication channels in military units received orders binding.To protect the whole of this complex system undertaken various measures, but it remains vulnerable.First, the enemy always seeks to break the control by destroying the headquarters.His second goal is to hit a means of data support (radar positions and early warning).Third, when channels tackle control system loses functionality.The modern system of electronic warfare is beyond the scope of these three tasks and work is often much more complicated.
Asymmetry Defense
no secret that the US military budget in terms of money surpasses Russia.To successfully confront a possible threat to our country has to take asymmetrical measures ensuring the proper level of security less costly means.The effectiveness of protection is determined by high-tech solutions, creating the technical conditions applying maximum damage on the aggressor concentration on its vulnerable areas.
In the Russian Federation, one of the leading companies engaged in the development of electronic warfare is KRET (Concern "Radio-electronic technology").The basis for the creation of means of suppressing the activity of a potential enemy is a certain philosophical concept.For the successful operation of the system should determine the priority areas of work at different stages of development of military conflict.
What non-energy interference
At present, the creation of a universal interference which reduces the exchange of information, is almost impossible.Much more effective countermeasure can be intercepted signal decryption and transfer to the enemy in a distorted form.Such a system has the effect of electronic warfare, received from the experts name "non-energy interference."Its action could lead to a complete disorganization of management hostile armed forces, and, consequently, to their complete defeat.This method, according to some, has already been used in the Middle East conflict, but in the late sixties and early seventies element base equipment EW did not allow to achieve high efficiency.The intervention in the management of military units of the enemy produced "manually".Today, at the disposal of Russian electronic warfare units have digital technology.
Funds tactical
addition to strategic issues, the forces that are at the forefront, have to solve tactical problems.Aircraft must fly over enemy positions protected by air defense weapons.Is it possible to provide them with free passage of lines of defense?The episode occurred during naval exercises in the Black Sea (April 2014), virtually proves that modern Russian electronic warfare provide a high probability of invulnerability aircraft, even if their performance today is not among the most progressive.
Defense Ministry modestly refrains from commenting, but the reaction of the American side says a lot.Normal - in terms of maneuvers - circled the ship, "Donald Cook" naked bomber Su-24 has led to the failure of the entire guidance equipment.This is how small complex electronic warfare "Khibiny".
complex "Khibiny»
This system, named after the mountain range on the Kola Peninsula, apparently is a cylindrical container that is hung on a standard military aircraft pylon.The idea to create a means to counter the information originated in the second half of the seventies.Defense subjects received KRRTI (Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute).The complex electronic warfare conceptually consists of two blocks, one of which ("Proran") responsible for the intelligence function, and the other ("Regatta") exhibit active interference.The works ended successfully in 1980.
modules are intended for installation on the front-line fighter Su-27.Russia's complex electronic warfare "Khibiny" was the result of combining the functions of both units and ensure their coordinated work in conjunction with aircraft equipment.
Appointment complex
device L-175B ("Khibiny") is designed to perform several functions, defined as the total radio-electronic suppression of enemy air defense systems.
first task, which he had to decide on the battlefield - it zapelengovat probe signal radiation source.Then, the resulting signal is distorted with the purpose of trouble finding the aircraft carrier.In addition, the device creates the conditions for the emergence on the radar screen of false targets, complicates the determination of distance and position and other indicators impairs recognition.
Problems arising from enemy air defense systems, are becoming so big, what to say about the effectiveness of their work is not necessary.
Modernization complex "Khibiny»
In the time since adopting the product L-175B, the circuit devices are subjected to numerous changes, aims to enhance the technical parameters and reduction in weight and size.Improvement continues today, subtlety kept secret, but we know that the latest set of electronic warfare may carry a group protecting the aircraft against shoulder-launched missiles potential enemy as existing today and promising.Modular construction involves the possibility of increasing cardinality and information capabilities, depending on the requirements of the tactical situation.When designing the device was taken into account not only the current state of air defense potential enemy, but also anticipation of opportunities for their development in the near future (until 2025).
mysterious "Krasuha»
electronic warfare troops of the Russian Federation have recently been adopted four mobile set of electronic warfare "Krasuha-4."They are secret, despite the fact that land-stationary systems of similar purpose "Krasuha-2" are already in use in the army since 2009.
known that mobile systems are created Rostov Research Institute "Gradient", produced in Nizhny Novgorod NGO "Quantum" and mounted on the chassis BAZ-6910-022 (eight-wheel, off-road).According to its principle of operation the latest Russian complex electronic warfare "Krasuha" is an active-passive system, combining the possibility of re-emission of electromagnetic fields created by antennas early warning (including AWACS), and directed the creation of active interference.The lack of technical details did not stop the leak in the media about the tremendous opportunities complex EW, whose work is "crazy" control system of unmanned aerial vehicles and missile guidance blocks potential enemy.
What is hidden behind a veil of secrecy
For obvious reasons, details of the technical characteristics of the latest Russian systems of electronic countermeasures are kept secret.Other countries are also not in a hurry to share secrets in these developments, which is definitely underway.However, to judge the degree of readiness of a particular defense equipment by circumstantial evidence is still possible.Unlike strategic nuclear missiles on the effectiveness of which is better only guess and make speculative analysis, electronic warfare equipment can be tested in conditions closest to the fighting, and even against the very real, albeit potential enemies, as happened in April2014.While there is reason to believe that the Russian troops of electronic warfare in which case do not disappoint.
