Geology - the science that studies the composition, structure and patterns of development of the planet's interior.This science includes a lot of directions.Geologist - a person who studies the bowels of the earth.
origin of the term "geology»
From the Greek word "geology" is translated as "land" and "teaching."Originally, the word "geology" - the science of the laws of the land and the rules - contrasted with the word "theology" - the science of spiritual life.
When you see this word, there is no exact date.Some believe that this term appeared in 1603, and used his Italian scientist Ulisse Aldrovandi.Others believe that the word coined in 1657 the Norwegian scientist and student of the bowels of the earth, Mikkel Pederson Eskholt, then in 1778 it was used by Jean Andre Deluc.Finally the word came into use in 1779 because of Horace Benedict de Saussure.
Historically more used the term "geognosy", he suggested the German geologists H. Fyukselem and AGWerner.At the end of the XIX century, the term has fallen into disuse.
Sections
Geology Geology is the science of history.One of its main tasks is to identify the sequence of geological events.Geological studies are divided into three main areas:
- Descriptive geology - studies placement, composition, size and shape of the geological body, rocks and minerals, as well as the sequence of occurrence of rocks.
- dynamic geology - geological processes involved in the evolution - the destruction of rocks, transfer, sedimentation, crustal movement, volcanoes, earthquakes.
- Historical Geology - examines the sequence of processes in the geological past.
each direction adheres to its principles and methods.With the advent of new knowledge expands Forums geology, the main areas of research today are science:
- Sciences about the Earth's crust.
- sciences of modern geological processes.
- Science of the historical sequence of geological processes.
- applied disciplines.
- Regional Geology.
Profession geologist
Often this profession associated with the romance of travel, bonfires and bearded musicians, but it's just one of its many facets.Man studying bowels of the earth, has the knowledge according to the section in which it operates.Place of work depends on the section of geology and tasks.It may be the expedition - the study of the subject field.This could be the creation of projects or research projects - analysis of the information received within the cabinet.In petroleum geologist work involves finding oil or gas deposits.Volcanologist - a specialist who studies volcanic activity.What geologist looking for a search engine?Basically, he is interested in minerals and fossils.In the construction of the necessary knowledge of engineering geology.
Geology in Russia
Since ancient times, in the Urals and Altai worked "rudoznattsy" and "rudosyschiki."They were engaged in the exploration and production of iron and copper ores, gems and other minerals.
Lomonosov was a man studying bowels of the earth, he laid the foundations for the development of geology in Russia, thereby making mistakes of Western scientists.
In the XIX century began the development of metallurgy, material required for recycling.To this end, in the Urals, East Siberia and the Caucasus began exploration.In the course of geological work in the Caucasus revealed deposits of oil, iron, copper, lead, silver, mineral water springs.
fuel industry contributed to the development of detailed exploration in the Donets Basin.
Russian geologists, unlike in Western Europe, independently came to the idea of the formation of gold placers.Their place of education is associated with destruction of the gold-bearing veins.
Exploration work in the European part of the country gave a lot of information and material for a new understanding of the structure of the Russian Plain.
Based on topographical maps began to create the first geological maps.At the end of the XVIII century it established the first petrographic card.
In 1882, the Geological Committee was established.It began a detailed study of the Russian Plain.During this work a new direction in geology - palaeogeography - the science that studies the physical and climatic conditions of the geological past.
were working on the study of deserts, Siberia and Central Asia.
geology in the Soviet Union
In the era of the Soviet period, the geology of the USSR gained rapid development and greatly enriched.After the October Revolution of geological shooting reached more than 35% of the country.By 1945 it already covered 66% of the territory of the state.
were organized expedition to the Kola Peninsula, Taimyr Peninsula, Polar Urals, the Pechora basin, Altai Mountains and other areas.
deposit was discovered potash and Solikamsk Bereznyakov - one of the largest deposits in the world.
began prospecting and exploration of oil deposits in the area between the Volga and the Urals.Deep drilling yielded oil gusher.
Along with mining engineers, geologists appear different specialties who study the Earth's crust.
What geologist looking for today?Almost all large deposit was discovered and explored.The processes taking place in the bowels of the earth, continue to study and enrich the knowledge of the geology.On many questions the answers received, the other answers yet.It has been over a long period of time a person studies the bowels of the earth, draws information, but only to generate new answers to new questions.
