One of the most romantic activities is searching for historical artifacts.All that was found in the ground or hiding, called the familiar word "treasure".What is the gold, silver and precious metals - all are aware, but only if it is considered a treasure?To begin to familiarize with the concept of value.
general meaning of "treasure»
What a treasure in a broad sense?It is hidden in any way valuable objects.Their owner is unknown or lost right to them.However, this designation is domestic.There is another concept that relates to archeology.
Treasure (what he means in archeology, we consider) has its own characteristics:
- occupies a large area;
- consists of objects of one period;
- It includes tools, utensils, weapons and all that was created by a particular person archeological culture.
archeologists interested in all the subjects they are studying the historical layer.Those who engaged in the excavations for profit, are only interested in the valuable exhibits.Most often it is made of precious metals.The rest of their swings like rubbish.
What does the law say?
legislation of various countries belongs to the treasure trove in its own way.In most cases the owner of the finds is the one who owns the land, and whoever found.In Russia, for example, treasure hunter and landowner share everything equally.But if the subject has artistic value, the state takes it himself and found him, and the landlord seeker reimburse half of the cost, which indicates the expert.
In England, you must within 14 days to report the find to not incur criminal liability afterwards.Experts studying the treasure, and their conclusions, and the state pays the landlord a treasure hunt compensation in full or returns finding the one who found her.
Many states treasure age more than 100 years old, found on the ground state is considered archaeological value.It belongs to the authorities of the State, where he was found.
in the world about the treasures found there are different stories.Treasure them, as a rule, is any material or artistic value.The presence of these findings is not always proven fact.
archaeological treasures
bulk of the treasure was discovered in XIX-XX centuries.European archaeologists explored the territory of the ancient civilizations of Egypt, India, South America.
most impressive treasure (that is - we already know) was found in 2011 in India.It is assumed that it belonged to the rulers of Travancore, who for millennia piled jewels in the temple.Evaluated discovery of 20 billion US dollars.
Another equally impressive is considered the treasure of Tutankhamen's tomb.The entrance was discovered in 1922, but only managed to get inside a year.The finds are preserved intact.They consisted of works of art, jewelery, sarcophagi made of pure gold, in which the body of Pharaoh, and more.Today, the entrance to the tomb is closed to tourists due to changes in the outer layer of its walls.
«Treasure of Priam" - this is a classic treasure in the earth.They were found Heinrich Schliemann in 1873 during excavations of the legendary Troy, but the discovery does not belong to this period, it has existed for thousands of years before.Today, the so-called treasure of Troy is located in Moscow (Pushkin Museum).
Treasures of wrecks
addition to sushi, many treasures found at the bottom of seas and oceans.With the proliferation of shipbuilding people began to carry the precious cargo on the water.Some of them drowned at the time because of storms, sabotage on board or capture by pirates, who are also a treasure.
ship that sank, even a great many on the seabed.Search for them is much more difficult, because during their shifts constantly from the crash site.Complicating the problem and the cost of the expedition to the seabed.
Nevertheless, the following ships have been found with the treasure on board:
- Spanish frigate sunk in 1804.His discovery of the American company is considered the most valuable in history among the underwater treasures.On the board in 2007 we found tons of gold and silver Spanish coins.The cargo had to return to the Spanish government in 2012.
- Treasure galleon "Atocha" (Spain), which were discovered in 1985, Mel Fisher.They have been found hundreds of thousands of gold and more silver bullion, jewelry, weapons of the 17th century.
- Russian cargo Galiota "Saint Michael" was found in 1961 in Finland.The ship proved to articles of precious metals and stones, which were intended for Elizabeth Collection gold snuff boxes, watch collection of gold and silver, Meissen porcelain, carved and gilded carriage.Today it is in Finland.
