Since the inception of computers was not so much time by the standards of human history.But the operating systems they control, stepped far forward.It is not even related to the development of Bill Gates, who proposed to use to Windows.In fact, it happened much earlier.The concept of operating systems, you need to start looking at a little history programming.And that's not all.Moreover, the concept of the operating system, the classification of the operating system and other terms without it simply can not.
computers at the dawn of creation
Considering computers since their emergence, the operating system itself then absent altogether.The old computer is typically a computer system capable of processing some mathematical operations.
easiest solution IO data at the time were punched cards and punched.The first has a special empty cells, the alternation which allows you to enter information in the right order.The second output is displayed in the processed result.Naturally, this method was extremely uncomfortable, so over time started to appear automated systems that can respond quickly to input data and the results obtained.
entry-level programming languages
concept and functions of the operating system it is impossible to imagine without at least a basic knowledge of programming languages.
Once upon a time one of the easiest to understand and write programs is the language Basic.He even taught in high school.Applying it to write programs, you can create graphics, play the notes (but only with the use of system dynamics), and so on. D. Not about what we have today, even the speech could not be.The concept and purpose of the operating system came much later.
fact that even primitive programming languages are no longer cope with the incumbent on them functional IO.To address this issue had to be approached much more serious.
Transformation
As you know, the easiest programming language environment in which I could work any user, without giving all that we have at the moment.Over time, we began to appear more complex language packages, which, incidentally, are still used (the same Assembler or Delphi).
Assembler Although operating systems are not currently written, however multiple applications can use this language.But to create a complete operating system (or, as they say now, OS) such languages do not fit initially.That is why the basic concepts of operating systems have changed over time.
became clear that the operating system itself must become a kind of connecting link between computer "iron" components, applications and users.Since first introduced control programs, which can be called the first operating system.True, they were very far from today.
use of the first systems in telephone exchanges
first company that started to use the basic concepts of operating systems, was an American telephone company AT & amp; T.
This is understandable, for the time engineers tried technology to automate the telephone communication between subscribers.If anyone remembers, even in the movies of those years can be seen operators that connect subscribers by using special plugs that are inserted into specific cell corresponding to the number of incoming and outgoing call.
concept of operating systems in this case can be reduced only to a fully automated process connection subscribers unattended.In the world of computer technology it is considered that the programs applied by AT & amp; T, became a kind of prototype of the modern UNIX-systems (which, incidentally, is much beloved and Linux).
Windows: how it all began
What is today the operating system?The concept, basic functions - all this can not be avoided without an understanding of what a revolution in the computing world, Microsoft has made in the face of her then-head Bill Gates.He was the first to propose an integrated approach to understanding the relationship between the computational capabilities of computers and users who observe the results of their actions on the monitor.
Thus was created a system of DOS.It worked, but only with the help of commands entered by hand, but the "old man" Norton tried to do something standardized that this whole environment can be managed in full.
Now the concept of the operating system (OS) is not without knowledge of such a unique product like Norton Commander, because many applications like file managers is created in the image and likeness "of Norton's grandfather."
Yes take even such well-known applications such as Windows Commander or Total Commander, which in the interface have the same two panels borrowed from Norton, in conjunction with the function keys, which can have a direct appointment, or perform other actions when pressed simultaneouslywith Shift or Ctrl.
Object-oriented programming
Over time, the concept of operating systems has changed again.Using simple commands and lean interface led to the fact that Microsoft has developed a completely new approach to the concept of the relationship between computers and users.
The same Bill Gates gave the user a graphical interface, behind which hid the execution system or other software processes.This operating system is Windows, the concept is quite complex in terms of the programming language (C + / C ++), could work effectively with all the "hardware" components of computers, setting for their proper and correct functioning of special firmware, today called drivers.So it became possible to connect absolutely any device (even peripheral).
The simplest example may be the same printers, video cards, removable media, and so on. D.
But it was not always.This is why software developers have created a special "bridge", called DirectX.Manufacturers of new equipment also began to produce equipment using standard Plug & amp; Play (Plug and Play).Now it was enough just to install a device driver that it normally worked in the system.
Beginning Windows'98, drivers are the most common and popular devices were included in the installation package itself operating systems.It is not surprising that now install the drivers manually, even for mobile gadgets are not required.
concept of multi-tasking operating system
Many users of computer systems a little bit do not understand what is connected with multi-tasking system.In simple words, it is possible to explain the performance of multiple processes at the same time or opportunity to commit a variety of activities that are provided in the arsenal.Thus, the very "Operating System" turns into quite a powerful tool to perform various actions, run external programs, the execution of which there is no default is provided, and so on. D.
Operating Systems: Definition, Classification
As for todayOS, but now there is quite a lot of them.The direct competitor of the corporation Microsoft - is the company Apple, which manufactures computers and mobile devices.In contrast to Windows, it is the operating system Mac OS X, which (oddly enough) is created in the image of "windows".
The only thing worth noting is the fact that to date this is the most secure operating system in the world.For it is not something that viruses are created, they are in this environment is simply not working.
operating system for mobile devices
Manufacturers of mobile technology is also not left behind.The concept and function of the operating system from this point of view must build solely on what set of OS put the developer.It is clear that on the same smartphone or tablet will not meet the normal screen with the same "Start" button as in Windows (even after "seven", and it was abandoned).
But the concept of the operating system is limited to the use of widgets or icons, clicking on which you can trigger a particular application, function or program.
most common in this respect can be called "OSes" such as Android, iOS, Windows Mobile, Blackberry and others.As you can see, even the grandees of the computer world have left the idea of what the concept of the operating system, the classification of the type of executable (or available for execution) applications, and so on. D.
Generally, there are now even operating system capable of reducing others'OSes. "They do not require installation on hard drive and can work with any removable media.The concept of operating system, in this case it is impossible to get around without a mention of unique software products such as BeOS.To many it is unknown, however, download a "OSes" with a disc or USB drive, you can fix a lot of problems in the same systems Windows.When run, it just bypasses the Windows boot sector (assuming that the BIOS exhibited appropriate loading type).
