Surely you already know something about a country like Norway.On the world map you can find is a country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.We suggest to deepen their knowledge by studying minerals, climate, nature and industry of the country.
from the south and east bordering Norway and Finland (736 km), Sweden (1630 km) and Russia (196 km).She washes the north-west Norwegian Sea, the Barents Sea - the north-east, the North Sea - in the south.25,148 km are coastline.
The territory of that State includes Bouvet Island and Jan Mayen and the Svalbard archipelago - a special administrative unit, including Bear Island.Norway on the world map is presented below.
As you can see, the country's territory stretches a narrow band (less than 420 km makes it the widest part) along the Scandinavian Peninsula, the north-west coast.It also includes all the rocks, islands and islets located in the territorial waters.
According to the 1984 population of the state amounted to 4.14 million people.Capital - the city of Oslo.Country Norway is divided into 18 regions.They are called fyulke.Norway - the official language.Norwegian krone - currency.This country is since 1960 member of the European Free Trade Association.
Oil and gas reserves
Gas in Norway - an important sector of the economy.Large reserves of oil and natural gas are concentrated in the North Sea, in the Norwegian sector of it.They are estimated at 765 billion cubic meters.m and 1.5 billion tons respectively.There is 3/4 of common fields and oil reserves in the whole of Western Europe.In the waters north of the Arctic Circle were also found large reserves of oil.Norway by their number takes 11th place in the world.Half of all gas in Western Europe is concentrated here.In this respect, it entered the 10th place in the world Norway.The minerals in this country is a rich and wide.16.8 billion tons of oil reserves reach prospective and gas - 47.7 trillion cubic meters.m. Oil production in Norway - the industry, which involves more than 17 thousand inhabitants of this country.
More than a quarter of Norwegian investment is the construction of drilling platforms, which are located to the west of Bergen, in the North Sea.Here lies one of the largest natural gas fields.The largest drilling platform in the world was built exactly Norwegians.Its displacement is 1 million tons.Platform height - 465 meters.
Coal
in this country are the largest coal deposits in the Arctic parts of Europe.They are located on the islands of the archipelago of Svalbard (Norway).Coal is available in large quantities.As of 2002 the resources of coal in this area are estimated Norwegian geologists at 10 billion tons. The probable and proven reserves of which amount to approximately 135 million tonnes. Reliable - 35 million tons. In the main coal reserves are in the fields of Barentsburg, Mount PyramidLongir (Paleocene), Grumant City.The main coal area with 4 mines located in the central eastern part of the island of Spitsbergen (Norway).
Minerals are not limited to the above.Let's speak about some others.
Zhelezniak
Iron ore - the main resource of the metal, which has Norway.Mineral resources of the country were evaluated in 1999.According to this year, reserves of ore deposits Norway takes 6-7 place among all the other countries of Europe.The three main types are shown in Norway iron ore.It Precambrian ferruginous quartzites (mine Bornevatn where total reserves of 1 billion tons, including 100 million tonnes - reliable), magnetite-hematite ore Cambrian-Silurian age (mine about Dunderlanna, Ford Rana) and hematite-magnetite oresilmenite-magnetite formation (Rodsann, Telnes, code, etc.).
Vanadium
For stocks vanadium takes 2nd place in Western Europe (after Finland) Norway.Minerals, of which it is removed (since the vanadium in pure form not found in nature), mostly concentrated in the field Rodsann.The amount of ore is estimated at about 12-15 million tonnes.
Titan
Norway reserves of this mineral has a leading position among other European countries.The main interest is the industrial province eigersund anorthosite.Here are Europe's largest deposits of this type.Telnes field, Europe's largest reserves of ilmenite (pictured below), is also important.
Copper Copper is mined mostly in the far north.There are also fields of pyrites used in the chemical industry for the recovery of sulfur compounds.In addition, the fields are being developed different types of building stone, including marble and granite.
In reserves of copper ore in the country is among the top ten countries in Europe, according to data for 1999.Industrial value in Norway have copper ore areas: Sulitelma (Sulihelma), Trondheim (Fosdalen, Tverfellet, Lokket et al.), Grong (Skuruvatn, Yoma).
Other minerals
In Norway, in addition to other minerals, there are silver ore.Kongsberg are actually silver ore, and Bleykvassli and Mufellete - lead-zinc deposits, from which the metal is extracted.Also in this country has reserves of gold (pyrite deposits), graphite (on about. Senja Skalani), phosphate ore deposits (of code), nepheline syenite (Island Sherno), feldspar (district Glamslann), olivine sand (Aheym), talc(Gudbrandsdalen Valley, Philetus Altenmarku), limestone (Dalen, Slemmestad, Kirholt), marble (Lyngstad), dolomite (district Kragero).Industry Norway
Currently, in terms of GDP, Norway occupies 26th place among the other countries of the world (as of 2006).The welfare of the inhabitants are largely dependent on the oil refining and gas industry.
slow pace developing manufacturing industry in the country of interest to us.This occurs because of the limited inflows and narrow domestic market.26% of the gross output and 17% of employment accounted for by energy, construction and manufacturing industries.Energy-intensive industries have been developed in recent years.Industry Norway includes the following major sectors: galvanic, Elektrometallurgical, radio, pulp and paper, shipbuilding.The highest level of industrialization in the area marked by the Oslo Fjord.It has about half of all industrial enterprises in Norway.
leading industry of this country - electrometallurgy.It builds on the extensive use of cheap hydropower.Aluminum core product is made of alumina, which is imported.
Chemical Industry in Telemark province in the early 20th century was created electrochemical production.In this way was the beginning of the chemical industry in the country.
Norway today exports industrial use explosives, nitrogen fertilizers, paints, alginates.In their manufacture it takes not only a leading position in Europe, but even in the world.Developed rapidly in recent years, petrochemistry.At its base there was the production of plastics and other synthetic materials.
Nitrogen fertilizers are one of the main products, which produces electrochemical industry.Nitrogen is needed is extracted with the use of large amounts of electricity from air.Exported essential part of the production of nitric fertilizers.
Forestry
37% of the country is covered by forests.The most common in the forests of Norway species of trees - birch, Scots pine and spruce.Wood stocks currently in the country in 2 times more than 100 years ago.Basically farms are family while leading forestry and agriculture.They are in this country quite a lot.In Norway, the family forestry has an individual approach and small size of holdings.This creates good conditions for preserving the country's biodiversity.An important sector of industry in the country is also the pulp and paper industry.
Engineering
About 25% of all industrial workers are employed in the manufacture of transport equipment, and machinery.The most important spheres of activity - ship repair and shipbuilding, manufacture of equipment for the transmission and generation of electricity.Mechanical engineering - quite young industry in this country.With the participation of foreign capital in the post-war years were created large shipyards and factories specializing in the production of hydraulic turbines, offshore oil drilling platforms, household and industrial electronic and electrical equipment.
sewing, food processing and textiles
Food, clothing and textile industry exported a little production.They satisfy the basic needs of the state itself in the clothing and food.About 20% of all industrial workers in Norway are employed in these industries.
fish processing industry
For Norway, it is almost as important as gas and oil.The main centers of processing of fish - a Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Alesund.A significant portion of Russian fishermen their catch gives in Norway for processing.Russia - is also one of the largest consumers of fish products.Norwegian aquaculture three decades developed rapidly.Extensive experience has been acquired for the production of a variety of equipment for the cultivation of fish, monitoring, and production technologies in the field of fish processing.
relief of the country
Relief and minerals Norway, like any other country, are interrelated.It was the relief it depends what wealth has a State.Norway - a country which occupies a large area of mountainous terrain.Nordic Mountain - is more than 70% of the territory of the state.They stretch from the south-west to north-east for 1700 km.The average height of the Scandinavian mountains of 1600-1900 m (maximum - 2469 meters, Mount Galhepiggen).The narrow coastal strip (the so-called stranflat) occupy lowlands.Their width is 40-50 km.They are found mainly in the south of the country, in small portions, in the region of Oslo Ford.On feldy (plateau-peneplains) dissected by fjords (valleys) mountain.North of the country is a low hilly plateau called Finnmarken.Its height is 300-500 meters.1139 meters reach some peaks (of Chuokkarassa), a forest-tundra and gornotundrovymi landscapes.With feldami sharp contrast make deeply dissected and steep slopes of the Scandinavian mountains.Here are mainly taiga forests.As you can see, the nature in Norway is diverse.
In this country, many islands (Sulphur, Magere, Senja, Vesterålen, Lofoten).The largest rivers: Logen (Gudbrandsdalen), Glomma, Logen (Numedal).Nature Norway is characterized by the presence of lakes.They occupy about 4% of the territory.These lakes are mostly ice.The biggest - Mjøsa.About 27% of the state is covered by forests.Shpitsenbergen Archipelago (Islands Spitsbergen, Edge, Nordaustlandet, Bear, Barents, and others.) Are characterized by alternating plateaus, mountain ranges and wide valleys.Fjord its indented coast.Greatest peak of here - Newton (altitude - 1712 m).Ice sheets covered more than half of the archipelago.Permafrost developed everywhere.
Climate
Despite the fact that, like other countries in northern Europe, Norway is no different warm summers, it is inherent in a favorable climate.This feedback is the Gulf Stream.The climate in this country is temperate, subarctic - in the far north, ocean - in coastal areas.Country Norway is also characterized by a very mild winter.In January the average temperature ranges from -12 ° C in the north and in the south - +2 ° C.Summers are cool (6 ... 15 ° C), are often strong winds and rains.Rainfall varies from 300 mm per year (in the east) to 3000 mm (mainly on the western slopes of the mountains).On the eastern slopes of the intermountain basins appears continental climate.Covering glaciers are many feldy.The total area of these glaciers is about 5000 square meters.km.Fjords rugged coastline.
Seismicity
concluding description of Norway, to add a few words about the seismicity.The country is located within an area characterized by low seismic activity.Basically the set epicenters of weak earthquakes are along the Atlantic coast.
