Trucking - is an integral part of the internal and external economic relations.The easier and faster than they are organized, there is a greater turnover of money you can get.Therefore, we received a distribution of pallets.It is noteworthy that the size of the pallets in the world has different standards.Each logistics company should be aware of these features, not to be trapped.
concept of pallets
pallet - is a special device used to facilitate loading and unloading.The people are often called pallets, because they have a characteristic structure and function.
first started using trays in the early twentieth century.Their prototype was whipped board with two beams from below.Over time, the handling equipment improved, and with it, and pallets.The final appearance they received after a lower beams were nailed boards, creating structural integrity.
Popularity pallets received in the United States during the Second World War, when it was necessary to upgrade the maximum load without additional involvement of the workforce.A little later, the US pallet spread to Europe.
Vidi pallets
By design pallets are divided into several types.Odnoploschadochnye trays have only one layer of boards for loading cargo.Dvuhploschadochnye allowed to turn the pallet and use them on both sides.But at the same time they are a little heavier, which can affect the total cargo transported products.
By type of fastening the upper and lower platforms together emit beam pallets, which passes through the entire length of the long planks.However, such pallets have only two sides for capturing the forklift.Block pallets have a much lower weight and four side gripping loader.But they are not as strong as the first type.
For the duration of the use of recovered disposable and reusable.Production of reusable pallets puts greater demands on the strength and capabilities of cleaning.
According to the type of materials you can find wood, plastic and metal pallets.Their incidence depends on the length of service and the cost of the auxiliary tool for loading.
But size pallets have a number of standards which should be considered separately.
pallets
In Europe, the standard pallet dimensions are regulated by the normative documents ISO3676, ISPM 15, ISO TK / 22, UIC norms 435-2 / 435-4.Their size - 800 * 1200 * 145 mm.Compliance is confirmed by the quality mark of EUR per oval frame on the front carrier leg.The remaining legs burned other information: the manufacturer, the date, the life, the presence of sanitization.
Structurally pallets consist of the top 5 boards that alternate: wide, narrow, wide, narrow, wide.At the bottom of all 3 boards are mounted: two wide edges and one narrow middle.
Prerequisite design, which always performs the production of pallets of the European standard - the presence of facets at the corners.
Finpallety
second type of pallet distribution in Europe - Finnish pallets.Standard pallets of this type has a size of 100 * 1200 * 145.About the presence of the certificate indicates the stamp on the side of the front legs.Its shape - the letters FIN in a rectangle.At the central legs necessarily presence of a digital information about the manufacturer, series and the date of manufacture.
Structurally, they are also different.The upper area consists of seven narrow and wide boards.They alternate: wide, two narrow.The lower part consists of three boards - the narrow side and the wide central.Although the size of the pallet a bit more, but the presence of angular facets as necessary.This feature ensures that the safety standards in carrying out loading and unloading operations.
Other types of pallets
in international traffic also used neodnorazovye pallets.They have a size of 800 * 1200 * 1000 mm and 1200 mm, which meets the standards of European and Finnish pallets.The height of the pallets have to be 145 mm.Unlike single-row is the thickness of the boards.They must be at least 22 mm.Although pallets themselves are highly standardized, they do not have a nameplate.
last type - evroboksy.This stand of metal, which are on the same metal base in the form of pallets.Evroboksa size - 800 * 1200 * 800 mm.For this type of pallet is also necessary to have a stigma EUR per oval.
other types of pallets are not intended for cargo transportation in Europe.Therefore you must be very careful, otherwise you can get a waiver on import of cargo to European countries.
standards for internal transport of pallets
In many CIS countries, and today operates to GOST Soviet times.These pallets are not much different from the Finnish or European, but do not have quality certificates.For their manufacture can be used not helical but ordinary nails.Allowed no bevels.The thickness of the upper board ranges from 15 to 25 mm.In all other pallet sizes do not differ from those in the world of standards.
Not least important for the quality of pallets and is clean.Reusable pallets for use in Europe must be clean, same for internal transportation Slight pollution and darkening of wood from long-term use.
for domestic freight importantly - compliance sizes.This requirement is dictated by the convenience of downloading standard wagons and containers for water transport.
varieties of reusable pallets
In accordance with European standards, wooden pallets, the price of which (varying from 50 rub. / Pcs. 180 rub. / Pcs., Depending on the state) - the most affordable for mass transit, should be divided intograde quality.It should be noted that the main indicators remain unchanged.Grade depends on the appearance and the duration of use.
to higher class includes new clean and white pallets.They must not show cracking and chipping.The amount of use of these pallets is less than 3 times.
Class II - it is as clean and white pallets, used, but not repaired, and no other types of damage.The duration of their use is not limited if the state remains unchanged.
third grade trays allow small dirt.It is also possible darkening boards from prolonged use, the presence of small cracks.Their size is limited to 30 mm in width and 300 mm in length.Perhaps the use of pallets after minor repairs.All other pallets are written off because they no longer have the strength properties and can cause accidents during loading and unloading.
Other materials for the manufacture of pallets
logical that tree - the cheapest material for pallets production.However, the world is pallets of other materials.Metal pallets have the highest level of durability and long life.At the same time, they are much harder than others.Their use is not economically viable.The only exception are evroboksy, the strength of the walls of which are more important than their large mass.
well proven and plastic pallets.They are light and relatively durable.A significant disadvantage of this type of pallet should call their high cost.And they lend themselves to repair significantly worse than other types.
remaining materials from which tried to make pallets, were absolutely useless.They are either very expensive or fragile or have significant weight.
Features loaded on pallets
The standard freight pallets, the dimensions of which are designed for the dimensions of transport, it must be properly packed to the cargo is not damaged.If you do not observe basic rules, the consequences can be very sad.
First, let's remember that each pallet has its limit capacity.For euro it is 600 kg and for finpallet - 750 kg.Exceeding this figure is fraught with the destruction and damage to the integrity of the pallet load.
For convenience and compactness of placing the box must not protrude beyond the edge of the loading platform.They are not recommended to lay out in the form of a pyramid, since this method - the most unreliable.The whole structure must be firmly linked, since the process of moving to the loader associated with vibrations.Loose design quickly collapse.
for barrels and other non-rectangular containers have their own special rules for transport.For transport, they must also be as fixed.But in any case they should not exceed the size of the pallet on the perimeter.
Accommodation in a standard van
Not least in the standardization of pallet sizes playing their method of loading the van.Logically, how tightly they can take all useful area depends on the cost of transporting one unit of cargo.Here it is necessary to take into account the weight of the pallets.On average it is 15-20 kg, but some manufacturers of these indicators in the 40 kg.This affects the carrying capacity of the van because of the load it up yourself pallets.
accepted that a 20-foot truck can hold up to 11 pallets and 9-10 standard pallets in one layer.Consequently, the 40-foot lorries transported safely to 24 pallets and 22 standard.
In international vans, which are used for transportation of goods, can be positioned close 30 pallets 800 * 1200 mm.This applies to 20-tonne trucks, the amount of which is equal to 82 cubic meters.Pallets larger in such vans are placed in smaller amounts, indicating that inappropriate use international traffic.
Safety
Today warehouses rarely used manual labor for loading goods in transport.Mostly used for this purpose forklifts and pallet.Without them, the filling of the truck or container is increased by several times.But without complying with the safety regulations may cause serious injuries, which are sometimes incompatible with life, or become a cause of disability.
When working with a loader can never be in close proximity to it.The operator may not notice the person will hide the goods.As a result of possible impact.Also, do not stand under the fork truck.Each pallet will break sooner or later, regardless of whether it is wood, metal or plastic pallets.
Do not exceed the load equipment.In warehouses often there are cases when the truck turned over and press down people or arrange real chaos of scattered boxes and boxes.The consequences of such accidents to eliminate much longer than to go once again over Georgia.
use of pallets in warehouses - is not a whim, but a vital necessity, which improves performance on any of them.And we all know that time - is money.Pallets help them earn more efficiently.
