Many changes occurred in the world in 2014.For some, they have passed unnoticed, while others simply were more likely to read the news, for the third world war began.
For the population of Crimea this year, much has changed."The peninsula of Crimea and Sevastopol city moved into the Russian Federation", - so it will sound to many descendants of the outcome of the referendum in 2014.It will be 20, 30, may be 40 years old.Now, some will say: "Crimea returned home", while others will argue: "Russia occupied Crimea."
Before a closer look at the events of early 2014 and understand what breathing Crimeans year later annexation of Crimea to Russia, it is necessary to make a small excursion into the past and learn how to tie the history of the peninsula, and Russia.
transition Crimea under the rule of the Russian Empire
in July 1774 ended the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.As a result of winning a series of Black Sea cities departed, and they got the right to have commercial and military vessels in the Black Sea.On the Crimean peninsula appeared independent state.
Already in 1774 it became clear that the accession of Russia to the Crimea - is, as they say, a matter of time.But let it not military and political means.
With the help of Russian power in the Crimea came Khan Shahin Giray, and the previous ruler and his supporters had to flee to Turkey.Joining of Crimea to Russia in 1783 was enshrined manifesto of Catherine II on April 8.Since then, the history of the peninsula is inextricably linked with Russia.
A Brief History of the Crimea from 1921 to 1954
Crimea after joining Russia in 1783 began to change dramatically, developing infrastructure and production, it was replaced by a national structure of the population.
When the Bolsheviks came to power and ended the Civil War, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established.In the early XX century lived on the peninsula: Russian, who made up almost half the population (49.6%), Crimean Tatars (19.4%), Ukrainians (13.7%), Jews (5.8%), Germans (45%) and others (7%).
During the Great Patriotic War in Crimea fierce fighting, the long occupation of the peninsula has changed beyond recognition appearance and character of its inhabitants.In the spring of 1944 it began the operation to liberate the Crimea from invaders.
in 1944-1946 Crimean Tatars were deported from the peninsula for the support of Nazi Germany, was formed Crimean region within Russia.
Crimea and Ukraine
In 1954, Crimea was included in the Ukrainian Republic.It was a logical and dictated by the close economic and cultural ties, as well as the unity of the territory.Many communications, rail and road routes were linked to the mainland Ukraine.
In 1989 changed the attitude of the government of the Union of Crimean Tatars began their return migration to the peninsula.
In early 1991, the first referendum was held, which resulted in the Crimea again obtained the rights of autonomy within the USSR.After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Crimea remained in the now independent state of Ukraine.From 1994 to 2014 lasted Autonomous Republic of Crimea.In early 2014 there was a new connection to the Russian Crimea.
it all began
in November 2013 in the Ukrainian capital, the protests began.President Viktor Yanukovych postponed the signing of the association agreement with the European Union.This was the reason for the release of people on the streets.
began with student rallies rally grew into a powerful movement.Tens of thousands of people organized a tent city in downtown Kiev, began to occupy administrative buildings, burned tires.
Gradually peaceful rally turned into a tough confrontation between demonstrators and police.There were first victims on both sides.At the same time in the western regions of Ukraine have begun action against the existing government, were appointed by their heads of city and regional councils, crumbling monuments of the Soviet regime.
coup d'etat in Ukraine
In February 2014 rally in Kiev, which became known as euromaidan peaked.Unknown snipers have killed dozens of protesters and police officers.The opposition and the leaders of the protest movement carried out the coup, President Yanukovych and his family fled the country.
came to power pro-Western leaders, aggressively opposed to Russian, Russia, Soviet Union.Illegal armed groups have begun to move from Kiev to the regions.In the south-east of the country have begun a massive retaliatory action against the new regime.
Crimea from demonstrations for the referendum
crisis the Ukrainian government in February 2014 resulted in the Crimea to the need to define their fate.The adoption of the new government in Ukraine meant breaking the historical, cultural and social ties with the Russian peninsula.A revolution in Kiev forces clearly hostile and aggressive spoke about Russian, including those living in the Crimea.
In Sevastopol, Simferopol, Kerch and other cities began protests against the new government in Kiev, the oppression of the Russian language, imposing its history, the arrival of armed supporters euromaidan aggressive, destruction of monuments of the Soviet era.It is necessary, however, to say that part of the population of Crimea supported the leaders who came to power in a whole share in the capital of Ukraine.In general agreement with the new government expressed the Crimean Tatars.
defending their values, culture, way of life and the safety of inhabitants of Crimea declared their intention to hold a referendum in which the majority of citizens will determine the peninsula remain under the authority of Ukraine or Russia to join.
preparation, implementation and results of the referendum in 2014
date of the referendum on the fate of the Crimea was scheduled for May 25.While the peninsula was carried out active preparation, Ukraine, the US and Europe discussed the illegality of such a referendum, said in advance of the non-recognition of its results.
Later in the background growing crisis in Ukraine date of the vote has been postponed to March 16.People in Crimea demonstrated greater activity and turnout exceeded 80% of the population.Crimeans aware fatefulness referendum.It was not yet the date of the Crimea to Russia, but now it is on 16 March invited to make a holiday on the peninsula.
Already March 17 summed up.The population of Crimea votes for unification with Russia.And on March 21 it was approved and signed into law by which officially took place on the accession of Russia to the Crimea and Sevastopol.
Russian military in Crimea
In late winter 2014 on the Crimean peninsula were seen active movement of people in uniform.Politicians, illegally received power in Kiev, immediately accused Russia of military aggression.In turn, Russia has denied the presence of its troops on the peninsula, except for units based in accordance with the agreement between Russia and Ukraine.
Later, soldiers who committed the redeployment on the peninsula, became known as "green men" and "polite people."
must say that Ukraine refused leadership of the Autonomous Republic to create conditions for the will of the people.And, thanks to the presence of the Russian military contingent, which had the right to stay on the peninsula, the Crimea to Russia took place peacefully.
the legality of disconnecting the Crimea from Ukraine
Ukraine and its allies immediately declared illegal actions of the government of Crimea and Russia.The results of the referendum and the fact of the meeting, according to the leaders of many countries, is illegal.EU countries and the United States did not recognize the annexation of Crimea to Russia, and continue to claim that the peninsula is under occupation.
At the same time, they supported the unconstitutional coup in Kiev, and, moreover, the United States and European countries have met with activists euromaidan and even advised its leaders.
announcement of a referendum in the Crimea was made legitimate government of the autonomous republic.The turnout at the polling stations showed the interest of the population in deciding the further life of the peninsula in a growing crisis in Ukraine and the world.The vast majority, over 90% voted, voted for the annexation of Crimea to Russia.
International law implies the possibility of the people living in a particular area, to decide their own destiny.And the population of Crimea is made.The autonomy republic of Ukraine allowed the government to announce a referendum, and what happened.
first few months after the referendum
transition period is difficult given the inhabitants of the peninsula.Joining of Crimea to Russia in 2014 - undoubtedly the most important historical event in the life of the whole country.But what has become and will become the life of the Crimean people in the near future?
In March and April 2014 in the peninsula were closed businesses and banks stopped payment on the cards and at the box office.Ukrainian businessmen are withdrawing their assets.
Began shortages of water and electricity, unemployment increased, and the queue for renewal documents are added joy in everyday Crimeans.In April and May on the peninsula first wave of refugees from south-east of Ukraine, where an armed confrontation with the militia Kiev authorities Lugansk and Donetsk regions.
Like a few months later began to perceive the locals joining Crimea to Russia?Reviews have been very different.Some succumbed to the anguish and panic because of the worsening economic situation.Others showed a willingness to follow the chosen way through any obstacles.Life has changed peninsula and in all areas of the better, but Crimeans live and enjoy change.
not yet changed cell phone numbers are not taken out of circulation the hryvnia, do not get new license plates on cars, but everywhere waving tricolor flags.
How Crimeans met New 2015
the Crimea to Russia in 2014 added hassle and experiences in the life of the indigenous population.Beyond these concerns someone did not notice approaching the New Year.In the cities are increasingly cut off electricity and water prices are rising as well as traffic jams, the new jobs are not created yet, so many people will celebrate the holidays modest: no work - no money.Soon
year since held the Crimea to Russia.Opinions are still different.But here and there you can hear the call: "No, Noah, will survive."
In 2015, the Crimean people still waiting for a lot of changes, but they have learned to be patient.The main thing is that according to many of them - it's peace of mind that allows without fear of the future.
Russia after joining the Crimea
Many political scientists, economists, entrepreneurs think: accession to the Russian Crimea costs the country is so expensive that it was cheaper to buy back the peninsula Ukraine.The sanctions initiated by US Steel, by the summer of 2014 began to be felt in the work of Russian enterprises.Destabilize the country's financial system.
Even large companies are forced to reduce the number of products, in connection with what is expected and the reduction of employees, which means that the rise in unemployment across the country.
United States were supported by a majority of EU countries.The sanctions tightened all, Russia is accused of the occupation of the Crimea and the active assistance of militias southeast of Ukraine.Kiev authorities are constantly making statements about the presence of regular Russian forces on their sovereign territory.
Europe and the United States sought to isolate the Russian economy, bring down financial markets, make her play by their rules.But the situation got out of control, the country has an important ally, the economy begins to shift to new markets.
