Since ancient times to the present day one of the main human activities continues to be breeding.To explain this fact is quite simple: it is from the person receives valuable animal meat, milk, wool and leather, as well as other categories of resources.
in different countries historically bred various animals to meet the needs of the population, but it is often the most common sheep.This is due to the high "operational" qualities of these animals: they are very unpretentious to the conditions of housing, feeding and breeding.Sheep farming since ancient times engaged in those areas where other types of pets simply could not find the required amount of feed in a free range.
main species
There are different breeds of sheep: Hissar, Romanov, fat-tailed species ... All and I do not remember!Each of them is good in its own way.
Some breeds produce large amounts of high-quality meat, some of them are famous for multiple pregnancy and high quality skins, while others are bred for the sake of a tasty fat that is massively used for cooking pilaf and other culinary delicacies.Let's look at what species are classified all the animals of this type (the classification is by type of wool):
- fine-wool sheep.The most valuable, since they receive from the ideal quality fleece from which make excellent woolen fabrics and yarn.The latter, incidentally, is also the production of the famous Persian carpets that adorn the house only the most wealthy people around the world.
- polutonkorunnyh species.Also they provide good quality wool, but its thickness is already higher and texture - rough.But they differ a good precocity and good taste of meat.
- coarse wool breeds of sheep (Hissar and Romanov).Most often they are bred in order to obtain skins and meat, because the characteristics of the wool from them is not too high.If we talk about meat, especially the popularity of the first kind, but prolific and quality skins wins "Romanovka."All of this category of sheep breeding is particularly advantageous, as they are particularly unpretentious.
Let us examine the most remarkable and advantageous conditions for holding infield breed of sheep.Photo and name of each are also present in the following terms the material.
Romanov breed
First we will talk about these legendary animals that thrive and multiply even in the middle of Russia, what other breeds of sheep can not say.The formation of this species occurred in what is now the Yaroslavl region, so that our climate perfectly adapted animals.
Data on productivity
Contrary to some historical tradition, created a breed exclusively peasants.During the long centuries of painstaking selection in their backyards were fairly large animals.Mass sheep reaches 100 kilograms, the weight of females - 70 kilograms.
maximum yield of meat from the carcass is 47%.For the year to remove sheep about three kilograms of coarse wool, with queens - a half to two times less.Each female bears at least two lambs at a time, but not so rare cases of the birth of five fingers!No wonder these animals are willing to take on foreigners in order to raise their own sheep prolificacy.And another important point.Unlike his other cousins, "Romanovka 'often give birth twice a year, which further increases their value.
Edilbaevskaya
breed these animals in our country is not widespread, and not too well known, but they are definitely worth it for them to know how to get more people interested in sheep.What is the reason?Now we will tell!
As described above kind, this breed belongs to the coarse wool.Sheep have a meat-fat trend established by the "national selection" on the territory of Kazakhstan.Select only those animals which, by their constitution and other parameters best suited for the harsh conditions of a nomadic life of local people.I must say that this approach has given excellent results only!
Edilbaevskie sheep are equally well tolerated in the winter cold and summer drought, perfectly withstand long marches, and have a unique ability to eat off of scarce fodder dried, salted pastures.
Mass best sheep reaches half quintals!Uterine such outstanding results do not show, but still can please 80-90 kilos.Lambs just one, only the first month of life can fatten up to 17 kilograms, and at the age of six months (under normal feeding) sometimes reach 50 kilograms in weight.
addition, edilbaevskaya rock stands out among the meat-fat versions of their milk production.Each queen gives about 150 liters of milk a year, but some of the sheep may please their owners 200 liters.The product is characterized by excellent taste and nutritional qualities, and therefore is widely used in cooking.
Hissar breed
In this version, we discuss in more detail.It should be noted that among the variety of types of Hissar breed of sheep standing alone.Worldwide, they are known as the largest animal under consideration "family."However, first things first.
believed that animals of this breed are recognized as leaders in the output of high-quality meat and fat.In addition, they have excellent endurance and splendidly developed immunity.Finally, Hissar breed of sheep perfectly suited for year-round open-content in the harsh conditions of mountain pastures.Of course, they are transferred without problems long Stretches from summer to winter pastures and vice versa.By the way speaking, one such transition may well pass for 500 kilometers.
addition, Hissar breed of sheep, being similar to this with their relatives Romanowski, often used as a "donors" to improve other species of animals.Motherland "hissars" Tajikistan is considered, but they are actively bred in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and southern regions of our country.In contrast to other species, these sheep are divided into three subtypes.Let's look at each of them separately.
Meat
main characteristics of this type of sheep:
- Appearance recognizable enough, because there is no escaping fat tail, he pulled up, but in some individuals and not developed.
- Animals characterized by excellent daily gain at an early age.
- Compared with the other two species, Hissar breed of sheep this subtype gives relatively little fat.
meat-tallow and tallow varieties
These sheep are different stand out rump, which in most cases is pulled up to the level of the back.In the case of extremely greasy variety, he resembles a large bag, which have outstanding representatives of the breed occupies about a third of the entire body.
note that Hissar sheep breed in Russia is represented mainly by the first category, as the fat of tail in our country is not too popular, and for feeding these animals need a sufficient amount of carbohydrate feed, making their contents in our environment is not too lucrative.
basics of productivity
animals have strong, well-developed skeleton.The height at the withers rams often exceeds 85 centimeters in ewes, this figure ranges from 75-80 centimeters (which is also quite a few).What else is different Hissar breed of sheep?Photos show that they have to wonder long dry limbs (that are somewhat similar to racehorses).In addition, the animals look very impressive because of its elongated body, which contrasts with the strong and broad chest.
head their rough, aquiline nose.All animals are hornless (ie they do not have horns, in principle).The neck is rather short, ears - long, "bushy".Mass at the sebaceous fat tail varieties can reach about 40 kilograms.Weight some rams can reach 190 kg.Uterine weigh less, but sheep that would be 80 kilograms lighter, look difficult.
problems breed
Firstly, Hissar breed gives a very meager "harvest" wool.Moreover, even for fat-tailed sheep, it is very tough and rough.Even the sheep annual clipped less than 1.5 kilograms (at best), the uterus does not give more than a kilogram.In addition, females fur contains very high percentage of dead hair and spine (18 to 34%), in males the figure is 11 to 24%.It is not surprising that such raw material is solely for the production of coarse felt.As a rule, Hissar sheep is either black or dark red.
Over the past quarter century the breed for the first time significantly reduced.So, in the early 90s of the last century there were 497,084 head, with more than 90% of them were completely thoroughbred.Today, this breed of sheep, there are about 460 thousand, and breeders is very worried by the fact that every year a growing number of hybrids, t. E. Not purebred animals.
addition, the Hissar sheep (photo presented in the article) is clearly in need of "improvement", aimed at increasing the quality of wool and of multiple pregnancy, but do it (after the collapse of the USSR) was simply no, because animal science institutions were destroyed.Currently, the only hope for the individual sheep, which do not give the final mix breed with other species of sheep, maintaining the purity of their gene pool.
However, some researchers say that in any improvement (in terms of productivity) Gissar sheep in Russia and other countries do not need.This opinion is based on the fact that this breed - not farmed for decades and created as a result of centuries of directional selection.This point of view has a right to life, but if the situation persists erratic incest, to no good it will not.
Fertility and productivity
Among other things, the uterus does not have high fecundity, two lambs per litter is not seen.However, this circumstance is entirely offset by a decent milk production: 1.8-2.3 liters of milk fat per night.Just a couple of months some outstanding representatives of the breed can give up to 200 liters of said product.
basic information on the content of animals
regardless of affiliation to a particular subtype contain the same sheep.It should only be noted that more or less deep snow, they do not like, and therefore should be well in advance to change pastures with the seasons.In addition, you have to be careful with wet food.Like other fat-tailed breed, these animals tend to prefer dry food and no less dry pastures.
In principle, they are also severe frosts are not terrible, but it is advisable to have at least a simple canopy under which the animals could hide from the strongest wind gusts.Note that this breed sheep strictly contraindicated drafts.In general, other features they have.
