On the ground, there is a huge amount of a variety of plant species.Some of them are used in human food.Other adorn homes and suburban areas.In this article, let's talk about what a spinning plant.Even the name, you can guess that this flora used for the manufacture of fabrics.
main features
actually spinning plants in nature, there are many - more than 600 species.However, for the production of clothing used only with quite thin and delicate fiber.And these species on the planet are not so much - about 20.
The main feature of the spinning plant is the presence of vegetative and generative organs that contain fiber and fat.There are three main groups, which are divided into the spinning culture (a list of plants and their characteristics are given below):
- bast-fiber.These fauna fiber is inside the stem and is a highly elongated cells collected beams.This group includes, for example, plants such as flax, kenaf, jute.
- Semyavoloknistye spinning culture.In this case, the fiber is stretched (20-50 mm) of the seed cells.This group includes well-known to all cotton.
- Listovoloknistye.Such plant cells are long in the leaves (New Zealand flax, textile banana, sisal).
presence of fibrous cells - the only characteristic of spinning plants which can be combined in a large group.The rest is completely dissimilar flora belonging to different classes, types and subtypes.
family representatives flax
Next, consider what characteristics are different some of the most well-known spinning plant.Let's start with flax.Linum genus includes more than 200 representatives.However, culture is cultivated only one species - common flax, which includes five subspecies.In Russia, are grown Eurasian Dolgunets.He gives a long and most valuable fiber.Other types of fiber flaxes cultivated in our country as the oil plants.
How to make linen cloth?
So, all spinning crop plants, examples of which are given below, are used to manufacture a wide variety of textile items.The same goes for flax.For filaments its stems are soaked in water for a long time - before decomposition.The remaining long fibers intertwine and allowed for the production of fabrics.Linen clothes pleasant to the touch than cotton common today, is more durable.However, to make the fabric of these strands is fairly difficult, because they are very easy to break.To date, the largest producer of flax spinning and textiles from it is Ireland.
Cotton: biological features
Flax - is not the only variety used to produce the fibers on the cloth.Cultivated in our country, including crop plants and other spinning.The most common is the cotton.Moreover, today it is the main spinning culture in our country and around the world.Easily explained by the popularity of such fiber production, its great yield and high productivity of the plant.This culture refers to the family of Malvaceae.An adult plant can reach a height of more than 180 cm. Fruiting branches of cotton developed in the upper part of the stem and moving away from him at an obtuse angle.They grow flowers and, later giving fruit "boxes."The latter have a rounded-ovoid shape, and when ripe burst at the seams.This becomes visible cotton - long fibers, covering the seeds of the plant.
Harvesting of this crop can be done both manually and mechanized methods.In the latter case of plants with chemicals previously removed leaves.
Hemp
There are other popular crop plants spinning.Hemp - one of them.This culture refers to a family of different sexes of dioecious.Men and women differ in the structure of plant generative organs and flowers.In addition, the second a longer growing season.
As with cotton and linen, hemp grown for fiber and oil.The first obtained from the stems, the second - from the seeds.The fibers used in the manufacture of fabrics intended for rough work clothes sewing, weaving rope, and so on. D. From the hemp oil produced varnishes.
Today, the most common of all the two spinning culture of this species.For the production of fabrics and hemp oil used ordinary.Hashish variety grown in some Asian countries to obtain drugs from the leaves.
Collection cannabis Zelenets begins with mass flowering of male plants.In women this process begins later.Sorting the collected stems to length and thickness, and is sent to the soaking typically tailored for this open water.The duration of this procedure is directly dependent on water temperature.In a warm soak it lasts about a week in the cold - in the autumn - up to two to three weeks.
Like flax, hemp fibers have separated after softening of fabrics is very easy.But overdo the stems in water can not.Podgnivanie significantly reduces the quality of the material.
Kenaf
There are also less well-known spinning crops.Examples of such species - jute and kenaf.The fiber is first used mainly for the manufacture of bags and ropes.In the past, the fibers of this plant, as well as finished products are imported to us in Russia basically only from India.At the moment, this culture is grown quite successfully, including the farms of Uzbekistan.Value kenafnoy fabric consists essentially in the fact that it can be sewn from the bags, ideal for storage and transportation of sugar.Of course, for this purpose you can use hemp.However, a disadvantage in this case is primarily that of the strands of bags separated microscopic particles.Remove them from the sugar subsequently impossible.Similar phenomena in kenafovyh bags is not observed.Fiber derived from this plant is not only flexibility and durability, but also hygroscopicity.Sew the fabric of kenafovyh not only bags.Yarns, woven from fibers of this culture are also on manufacturing of cordage, rope, twine and canvas.In some countries, it is also produced from the pulp.
Refers kenaf as cotton, to the family Malvaceae.Height of adult plant can reach 1-5 m, and its roots go back to the land of 2 m. Cleaning kenaf begin after will be drilled one or two lower boxes with seeds.Harvesting is done by machine harvesters.Beveled stalks a few days left podsushivatsya in the field.They are then collected and tied into bundles.Further, final drying is carried out in special Suslonov.The next step sheaves threshed.These seeds are cleaned and sorted, and sent to the sheaves lubzavody.
Jute
This is another plant fiber which is very often used for the manufacture of bags intended for the sugar, flour and other bulk products.In performance jute fabric even surpasses kenafnuyu.Sometimes she even produce velvet upholstery fabrics.In addition, jute is used to make rope, twine and rope.Very often it is used for fiber chopped konopatki buildings.From the seeds of this crop receive technical oil.And they are used as a remedy intended for treatment of cardiac diseases.
jute is grown mainly in the tropics of Asia, ie in countries such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Taiwan.There are plantations of this crop in Africa and America.Industrial value differ by only two varieties of jute - dlinnoplodny and macrocarpa.
Maturity plant comes when it appears the first boll.Cleaning of the plant to produce fiber after the entry into this phase more than half of the plants.Initial processing of stems produced in exactly the same way as that of kenaf.It is actually very similar to bast-fiber spinning plants.And although today they are not as common as in the past, growing them, of course, it is a matter of more than appropriate.
ramie
very interesting and herbaceous plants are spinning.The names of the variety - ramie and ramie.The main distinguishing feature of the fibers obtained from this plant is that they practically do not rot.In the past, they are usually used to make high-quality canvas.Today, ramie fibers often make very strong rope with long service life.Sew from nettle cloth and clothing.However, in this case, the ramie fibers are usually blended with cotton or wool.This gives a very strong, well keep in shape, durable things.
height of adult plants ramie can reach two meters.Unlike the species, growing in Russia, its stalks do not burn completely.The plant is very unpretentious and can give two crops per year.At the moment, this culture is cultivated in countries such as Brazil, Thailand, India, the Philippines, South Korea.
Fibre crops: a list of plants
So, by spinning include such fauna as flax, jute, cotton, kenaf, nettle.What other known varieties exist?In addition to the above in this group also includes pineapple, dogbane, Manila, and many others.
Spinning plant, the list of which is given above, of course, are a valuable raw material for the production of fabrics.Cotton and linen clothes on at the moment is very much appreciated as a completely environmentally friendly.Without ropes well tarpaulins and bags are unlikely to cost many areas of the economy.
