For the normal existence of human life and the need to create and maintain certain parameters of the environment, including air.Changes in temperature, accumulation of harmful impurities in it significantly affect the health of people and their health.To maintain the desired characteristics of the indoor air is used special equipment.
requirements for air
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning perform the function of maintaining a comfortable and safe for human indicators of temperature, humidity and concentration of harmful emissions.
According to the sanitary and hygienic standards, favorable for human habitation such characteristics are considered air pollution:
- temperature between 18 and 22 ° C, allowed variations in the summer within 20-28 ° C, while in the winter and in transition - to22 ° C;
- relative humidity of 30-60% is considered acceptable in the cold period of the upper limit is reduced to 45%.
For the destruction of the gas shell around the person is also important and the movement of air.If you keep the temperature in the room about 20-25 ° C is recommended to adhere to the values of the air velocity 0.2-0.3 m / s, with the heavy work, this parameter can reach 0.6 m / s.For different areas and facilities subject to different ventilation and air conditioning.SNIP, and other relevant regulations describe the parameters and device systems in each case.
Types of ventilation systems
There are certain types of separation systems to maintain indoor climate.Air conditioning and ventilation can be carried out by several types of equipment depending on the goals and the means used:
- by the process of bringing in air traffic are divided into gravity (natural) and a mechanical drive system (artificial);
- depending on the application - in the intake, exhaust, and mixed;
- ventilation systems can be both general dilution and local (zonal);
- the execution of their share in the channel and ductless.
In gravitational systems do not use fans or other mechanical means, but air movement is achieved by the difference in pressure of the air column.
Local ventilation is used for air supply in certain areas, and fence it from there.Most often it is a place where there is contamination of the process, or other secretions.The local exhaust ventilation type is also the umbrella over the kitchen stove.Heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be performed as a single system and a single equipment.
Types of indoor climate systems
Air conditioning is carried out to maintain the required parameters of the environment indoors.Sometimes mistakenly called this concept for cooling only.
graduation conditioning systems is extensive, but the main difference - is what supports the necessary parameters of air.In this case, they are divided into two broad classes:
- comfortable - the characteristics of the air environment is created and maintained for the people staying in the room;
- technology whose main purpose - to provide temperature, speed and humidity needed for the operation of the equipment or production.
in residential, retail, office and public spaces used comfortable air conditioning and ventilation.For this use, domestic, industrial and semi-industrial air conditioners.
Heating Air
Heating - space heating to return to their heat lost during the cold period through the outer fence to maintain a comfortable temperature and provide manufacturing technology.For different purposes using different types of heating devices and systems.It may be steam, water, infrared, electric and air heating.
conditioning and ventilation systems are often combined with heating in one system.An example of this - air, in which air is going to mechanical systems, heated and distributed back.Such a construction can also be provided with coolers and mix with fresh air.The housing is most often used for water, steam, electric and infrared systems.
Industrial ventilation and air conditioning
to create the parameters required in the production, technology used industrial ventilation and air conditioning.They are used primarily high power equipment designed to handle large volumes of air.This is true for plants, production lines, workshops, where crucial for the quality of products have environmental parameters.
This class also includes:
- aspiration system in the timber industry;
- supply and exhaust system of clean rooms (electronic, pharmaceutical and other industries).
Sometimes industrial air conditioning and ventilation systems include systems installed in large buildings, supermarkets and shopping centers, but in these cases they are used primarily for the comfort of people.
Installation requirements
basis of proper operation of engineering systems of buildings, but the quality of the equipment, is also a professional installation and commissioning.This largely depends on the skills and education of technical staff.Assembly of ventilation systems, air-conditioning and heating systems must have knowledge of the nuances of the work capabilities of the equipment and safety rules.
Regardless of class rooms and the appointment of organization climate starts with the development of the project.In it professionals must calculate all the parameters of the equipment, number and types of components, installation steps.After that it is possible to calculate the cost of the project and the start of work on the installation.
from the coordinated work of specialists at all stages of production depends on the further operation of ventilation systems, heating and air conditioning without contingency.
