With the death of Bogdan Khmelnitsky Ukraine was faced with one of the most tragic moments in its history, when military operations were carried out throughout its territory, and the Cossack army and the political elite proved to split into several groups.Ruin was born as a result of objective processes, and to a greater extent because of the short-sighted policy of most of the Cossack officers, unable to choose a leader worthy of the spirit of the deceased Bogdan Khmelnitsky.One of those who could become the new head of Ukraine, was Ivan Vygovskyy, military talent is evident in one of the largest military conflicts on the territory of Ukraine - Konotop (Sosnovskaya) battle.
Party Battle of Konotop
Konotop battle happened in the summer of 1659, in the steppes between the villages and Shapovalovka Sosnovka.Parties it were stopyatidesyatitysyachnaya army led by Prince Trubetskoy, with the support of the regiment Prince Romodovskogo, on the one hand, and the Ukrainian Cossack army led by Hetman Ivan Vygovsky.As a result, the total loss of the battles of the two armies were about 45,000 dead: 30,000 by Trubetskoy, and 15,000 from Vygovsky.
Reflection battle in the history of
Konotop battle through the eyes of Russian historians, seems like the most catastrophic defeat Moscow's troops.Information about this fight quite a bit, since the study was conducted it at a minimum.In most history books and textbooks, and this battle is not mentioned.Therefore, there are conflicting reports about how and what took place over Konotop battle.Myths and facts are mixed with each other, and to find the truth about a particular moment or small events is almost impossible.In the Soviet Union there were restrictions on public discussion of the separation of the Ukrainian people of the seventeenth century in the pro-Moscow and anti-Moscow course.
Election Vygovsky Hetman Ivan
Vygovskyy officially came to power in Ukraine in mid-August 1657.The title of Hetman Ivan Vygovskyy general clerk took petty Rada, in the city of Chigirin.Another candidate was Yuri Khmelnitsky, who was the youngest son of Bogdan Khmelnitsky.However, in addition to kinship with the great hetman Yuri other supernatural qualities necessary to govern the country, did not have.Not in favor of his candidacy and said young age Khmelnitsky Bush.
geopolitical views Vygovsky
New Hetman did not at first perceived by ordinary Cossacks.One of the reasons is considered to be the origin of Vygovsky and his past.Ivan - comes from the kind of Volyn gentry.Initially, the clerk was in the rank of the Polish Commissioner, who spoke against the Cossacks in Ukraine.Rhode Vygovskaya also had roots of the Polish gentry.Also, the Cossacks, who fought for an independent Ukrainian state, worried about the desire to give a new Hetman Little Russia under the protectorate of the Commonwealth.According to one unverified versions Vygovskyy announced his decision during his funeral Bohdan Khmelnytsky.Ideas rejection of Moscow and the Ukraine joining the Ukrainian lands to Poland, he shared with the Ambassador of the Commonwealth Casimir Benevskaya.This fact became known to the Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.However, the king of the accuracy of the fact that the conversation has called into question and ignored.Instead, he sent a message addressed to Martin Pushkar, Poltava colonel and Jacob Barabash, Ataman Cossack troops.In a dispatch Alexei Mikhailovich ordered to fully obey the orders of a new hetman, and to avoid riots.
Pereyaslav Rada and the army Vygovsky
Vygovskyy also showed their intentions with regard to the Polish vectors.On the contrary, in the new Pereiaslav Rada, who arrived in the presence of Russian Ambassador Bogdan Khitrovo, Hetman Vygovskyy swore allegiance to the Moscow government and the king.It is believed that according to diplomatic gesture he deliberately reassured the king.With relief measure of control from Moscow, Ivan established a positive diplomatic relations with the Crimea and has secured the loyalty of the Khan's army.He also began to strengthen the army.Some Cossack Treasury, left a legacy of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, he spent on the creation of a mercenary army.About one million rubles was spent on the recruitment of soldiers of German and Polish descent.
At the same time began to increase domestic protests in Ukraine.In the first year Hetmanat Vygovsky, as a result of the civil war, were killed about 50,000 civilians.The fighting took place in cities such as Gadyach, Lubny, Myrhorod and other settlements left-bank Ukraine.
Emperor, having familiarized with the course of affairs, sent to Ukraine Governor Gregory Romadovskogo, led by significant Russian army.Moscow presence in Kyiv has been strengthened, as prescribed Pereyaslavskaya agreement.In Kiev, he was stationed a detachment of Basil Shemeteva.
Gadyatskaya agreement with Poland and the beginning of the first clashes
open confrontation against Moscow began in the early autumn of 1858, when the peace treaty was concluded with the Poles in the city Gadyach (called Gadyachsky peace treaty).The agreement involves a move in the Ukraine power of the Commonwealth, and Vygovskyy began to prepare for war against Russia.About betrayal Vygovsky says the chronicler Samoilo Velichko.He calls directly Hetman culprit ruin and a long war in the Ukraine.
first, it was decided to do was the "liberation" of the Kyiv garrison Sheremet.However, the messenger for this task Vygovsky brother Daniel failed job.Who came to the aid of Ivan Vygovskyy himself was captured.Under pressure, in captivity, he again assured all in loyalty to Moscow, while promising to disband an army of mercenaries and Tatars.Believing this statement, the king pardoned and released Vygovsky.
Soon Ivan launched an attack on the army Romodanovsky.Upon learning of these plans, it was decided to send to the aid of fifty Romodanovsky reinforcements, led by Prince Trubetskoy.Army Trubetskoy made towards Konotop Fortress, taking the path of Silver.
siege of Konotop
Troubetzkoy has teamed up with shelves and Romodanovsky Bespaly in February 1659.In mid-April the Moscow troops approached Konotop, and on 21 April it was started shelling and siege.Battle of Konotop in 1659 was described by contemporaries as a fratricidal battle.Moreover, the army, fought on both sides, consisted mostly of Ukrainians and Russian, in roughly equal proportions.
old map of Konotop battle gives an idea of the battlefield.Konotop himself while a fortress with four entrance gates.She was surrounded by a moat on two sides.Also nearby was another fortification, surrounded on three sides of the shaft and the moat, and the fourth river zaschischennnoe Konotop.The garrison of the fortress consisted of four thousand Cossacks of several regiments.
Konotop battle
June 27, 1659, near the village of Shapovalovka, started the first clashes between the army and the Moscow Vygovsky army.In these collisions Moscow forces suffered serious damage.However, these data are inconsistent and contradicted by other contemporaries.It is believed that after the battle of Moscow army rushed in pursuit of the cavalry Vygovsky and 29 June in the morning, near the village of Sosnovka and Shepetivka, it began the battle went down in history as the Battle of Konotop in 1659.
Units running Pozharsky were herded into a trap between the two rivers.This area is characterized by a large number of wetlands.Therefore, cross-troops was difficult.Pozharsky was the fatal blow to the troops of the Crimean Khan from the rear.As a result of this attack, according to various estimates cavalry Russians lost five to thirty thousand people killed.Overconfidence Pozharsky played a trick on him.Start an attack has not been prepared.Pozharsky did not even bother to conduct reconnaissance.As a result, the illiterate leadership he was captured by Khan and was executed.
Departure Moscow troops
Moscow army carried out under the supervision of Trubetskoy organized waste to Putivl.The defeat at Konotop was unexpected for Moscow.It was expected that the troops of the Crimean Khan after such a victory will go to her.However, the Tatars had a falling out with Vygovsky and began to plunder the city of Little Russia.So ended the Battle of Konotop.Who won this battle?Won by the army of Hetman Vygovsky, however, the consequences of this victory led to the plundering of the country by the Tatars.
believe that after such a defeat Alexis will not be able to assemble a strong army, but it was not so.July 28, 1659 the Crimean Khan was expelled from Ukraine's efforts Yakovleva Don Cossack troops Cirque chieftain and former associates of Bohdan Khmelnytsky.It is worth noting that the effects of "managing" the Crimean khan significantly eased Ukraine.In this there is a fault Hetman Vygovsky.
Konotop battle.History of the Cossacks and the next Hetman
Already in mid-October instead of Ivan, was elected the new Hetman of Ukraine Yuri Khmelnitsky, which was given by Alexey Trubetskoy.Vygovskyy five years after the battle was accused of treason by the Poles and shot.
