To make it easier to convey to the listener's sense of what was said in the Russian language is used homogeneous parts of the sentence.Compare: "Shady Forest invites the traveler.Shady forest beckons the traveler.Shady forest promises cool. "Or the same, but served in the same sentence: "The shady forest calls, beckons travelers and promises cool."
Offer homogeneous predicates examples you will see in this article, helps to simplify the meaning, eliminating the need to pile up in the text of some syntactic structures.
Features composition of simple sentences
you probably know, the simple sentences differ from the complex.At first there is only one grammatical foundation, which usually consists of subject and predicate (or one of the members).And complex sentences such bases may be two or more.
But apart from the above-mentioned ways of expression in the Russian language there are also so-called complicated structure.That is, those that include, for example, homogeneous terms.So, a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates "This lecture interesting and informative" - not quite simple.It is in Russian grammar is considered complicated.
By the way, there is a complication of the introductory words or sentences, and separately, appeals and so on. D. We will focus on the first embodiment of complicated structures.
basic signs for homogeneity of the sentence
But before we start to discuss the homogeneous subjects and predicates, let us recall the general rules that apply to all members of the supply.
main feature of uniformity for the main, and for secondary parts of any proposal is that in this design they are equal, performing a syntactic function, refers to one member of the sentence and, therefore, answering the same question.
Between them, irrespective of the question whether or coordinative or conjunctionless syntactic relations, emphasizing their equality.The first is expressed, as a rule, by means of transfer of intonation and coordinative unions and conjunctionless connection is expressed just intonation.
What predicates can be homogeneous
and secondary members, and the subject and predicate in the Russian language, becoming a series of uniform, can nevertheless be dependent words (but the same applies to the members of the minor).For example: "She glanced out the window and sighed."The proposal has two homogeneous predicates (glances and sighs), but the first of them is common supplement (in a window), and the second is not dependent words.
Most often all the homogeneous parts of the sentence - predicate, subject, or other - belong to the same part of speech, but there are also such structures, in which they may belong to different grammatical classes, expressed in phraseology or phrases.
For example, in the sentence "Andrew joked and laughed to tears," the predicate is expressed by the verb (joking), and turns of phrase (with laughter), that does not stop them at the same time be uniform.
As grammatically built a number of homogeneous terms
for grammatical association homogeneous terms of the sentence is used as enumerative intonation and unions.The latter may be a connection (u, w), adversative (a but) and separation (or either).In the example, "she says, or by telephone, or running to her friends," the main part of the sentence - predicate - connected disjunctive "or".In the example: "This boy is small but smart" connects them adversative conjunction "but."
comma between homogeneous subject and predicate
main rule when writing punctuation homogeneous parts of the sentence is that in the absence of unions between a comma.Not an exception and homogeneous predicates.Examples of "Rain whispered, cradling, casts languor", "Under the sun drops glittered and sparkled silver seemed to" confirm this.
But note that the second sentence of between three predicates is coordinative conjunction "and", which eliminates the comma.However, this is only possible if it does not repeat itself, otherwise you'll have to pay attention to the subtleties.
When the comma in sentences with repetitive unions
The design "And his hands and face and clothes were covered with a thick layer of soot" uniform repeated be connected with "and", and this case was required to put a comma between them.
In a situation, when the union breaks homogeneous terms in the semantic pairs, each of them is taken as a single component of a homogeneous series, "Yelp and shouts, laughter and stamping of feet could be heard through an open window and beckoned to the yard."
Note that homogeneous subjects and predicates in the structure are connected in different ways to be "squeals and screams," "laughter and stomping" assembled in pairs and between them there is a comma.And between predicates "could be heard" and "lured" is a co-ordinative, so there does not need a comma.
comma put in offers where homogeneous members connected by so-called double-unions (not only ... but also ...; not so much ... much ... and if not ... then ... and so on. N.).
Please note that in the sentence "Snow covered not only the front lawn, but also hung on the trees white blanket" and similar alliance in the double comma is placed before the second part.
Comma in sentences with several rows of homogeneous members
Offer homogeneous predicates (you can see examples in the article), in some cases, has several series of homogeneous members.They must be distinguished from the structures, where there is only one such series, and between homogeneous members - recurring unions.
In the sentence "In this house lived peacefully and did not quarrel cat and dog" has 2 rows of homogeneous members (subject - "cat and dog" and predicates - "lived and quarreled").They are grouped in pairs connection with "and" and, therefore, the comma in this design is not put.
Offer homogeneous predicates: examples of the colon at the main parts of the sentence
number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, regardless of the part of speech, which they are expressed, can carry the words have the same meaning and generalizing related to each lexical unit of this series.For example, in the sentence "On the counter were piled heaps of colorful fruits: apples, pears, plums and peaches" generalizing the word "fruit" carries a generic term.
If a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates or other members offer includes generalizing the word after a colon.When reading is usually at this point pauses: "Mom manages everything: cook dinner, do laundry, dusting and sing songs."
Incidentally, a generalized word is always a member of the same proposals that are with him homogeneous terms, as syntactic function they have one.
Examples dash at the top of the sentence
If the number ends with a homogeneous generalized word, it separated the dash: "And the milk, and berries, and mushrooms - all in the village seemed especially tasty.""Her thin arms, the curls at the temples, even the flowers on her dress - all the delights and seemed fine" - homogeneous predicates are separated by a dash to be homogeneous, because after them is a generalized word.
However generalizing word can also intro (that is, in a word, that is, somehow, and so on. N.), Then between a comma: "Not a quick glance or a sudden blush, no sighs - wordnothing escaped his watchful eyes. "
some cases, when put dashes
Tyre with homogeneous members can be not only in the case of transfer.So, if homogeneous predicates are a sharp contrast between the semantic one relative to another or a sudden affiliation, put a dash between them: "I went into the garden - and froze when he saw a squirrel on the roof of the gazebo."Tyre in such sentences emphasizes surprise, surprise actions "Cinderella met Prince - and immediately fell in love with it."
way, if you do not have a homogeneous terms an alliance, but expressed opposition, they are also separated by a dash, "he light - very dark, it is the faith - it is unbelief."
How to recognize the heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples
If the proposal uses the word to highlight the multiplicity of subjects, duration or repetition of such parts of the sentence belong to the homogeneous.
Note: "We swam, swam, swam in the thick impenetrable fog."The predicate in the Russian language in this design is regarded as one of the sentence.
can not be considered homogeneous and lexical forms, which connect particles "not" and "wrong" (see, do not look, walk so to walk, and the like).These stable combinations are not separated by a comma.
may not be uniform, and members of the predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs (go to rest, let me see, I'll take and complain, and so on. N.).The design of them can not be regarded as an offer with homogeneous predicates.
Example sentences with the idiomatic expression (neither give nor take, neither fish nor fowl, and laugh or cry, and so on. N.) Are classified according to the same criteria.
