When considering the right of ancient India, Manu - the first thing you pay attention.This collection - the most famous and accessible public monuments of ancient Indian legal culture.He enjoyed great prestige in antiquity and the Middle Ages.According to the legends of the Hindus, the author is the progenitor of the people - Manu.
History
In fact Manu is not so old.During the 6-5 centuries BC, in India there are all new large state with a slave system.Powers evolved, there were changes in the ideology and tribal institutions.And customary oral law, which existed before, could no longer meet the level of development of States, could not meet their needs.Then arose dharmasutry - collections of written rules, which were based on the Vedas.The first mention of dharmasutre Manu relate to the 9th century BC.Modern scholars have come to the conclusion that the Laws of Manu, such as they came to us, developed in the 2nd century BC.At the same time, according to a prominent Sanskritist G. Buhler, some dharmasutra i, which is the basis of the collection, to the present day has not been preserved.
ancient Indian Laws of Manu
text of the Laws of Manu is twelve chapters.The collection consists of 2685 items that are dvustishiya.Tolko Chapter VIII and IX contain actual rules of law, the others explain the caste system in ancient India.She's here in the foreground.According to the Laws of Manu in ancient India it was caste Varna division of society.People have got to Brahmins, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudras, and Untouchables.
Manu have a certain logic of presentation, but the separation of the right to provide the industry has not.Also, the rule of law in the book are very closely intertwined with religious precepts.
The law of large attention is paid to the protection of the rights of ownership of the movable property.So, here there are rules governing the deed of gift, sale, loan and others.It also provides performance guarantees - a pledge and guarantee.The loan agreement has already worked out in detail, but still did not suck legally literate.This fact testifies to the high level and the prime usury.
Manu despise wage labor and support slavery.With regard to family relations, there is a woman in a subordinate position, polygamy is allowed and prohibited the mixing of Varna.
Dharmasutry were rather sets of rules, teachings and guidance, rather than the current legislation.In this collection, as the Laws of Manu, there is a very interesting framework and philosophical meaning.Many of the recommendations were the main rules, which were used in the study of the tactics of war and strategy development.For example, the duties of the governor, according to the Laws of Manu, was to be brave in battle, always protect his subjects, every day be ready for war.Also, the king had to hide their secrets, but to be able to ferret out the weaknesses of enemies.
