In this article we will talk about the types of predicates, to dwell on the composite name and its ligaments, give examples.
As you know, the basis of all grammatical proposals constitute the predicate and the subject - the principal terms.The predicate is generally consistent in the face, gender and number with the subject.It expresses the grammatical meaning of the indicative, imperative or conditional mood.
main types of predicates:
1) simple verb;
2) compound verb;
3) compound nominal predicate (examples see below).
two principle types of selection predicates
They are divided on two principles.The types of predicates are classified as follows:
1) composition;
2) their morphological nature.
In the first case, shared by types such as simple and compound.The latter includes a component of nominal and verbal predicates.Based on the second principle, distinguish nominal and verbal.Nominal part predicate can be expressed by adjectives, nouns and adverbs.These fission cross.For example, multiple or single can be verbal predicate, namely always composite.
simple verbal predicate
simple verbal predicate, the definition of which, as you will see, has some nuances expresses a verb conjugated in the form that is used in the form mood (indicative, conditional and imperative).It also includes such options, which do not have a formal index of tense, mood and subject to subordination.This truncated form of the verb (enough, Tolkien, and so bam. D.) And the infinitive, the use within the meaning of the indicative mood.In addition, a simple verbal predicate can be represented by turns of phrase, as well as the conjugated form of the verb + modal particle (come on, let, let, let, though, was, as it were, just like, just, and others.)
The compound nominal predicate
As has been said, it is always a component type, including those cases where it is only one word form.Despite the fact that the word that expresses it, only one, in these proposals present a composite nominal predicate.Examples are given as follows: "He is young. He is concerned about the works, cares."
Such predicates are always two components.First - this is a bunch that expresses predicative categories time and modality.Second - this prisvyazochnaya part, it indicated a real basic content of this type of predicate.
Bundle in the compound nominal predicate
doctrine of the bunch in the Russian science of syntax developed in detail.The peculiarity of the traditional approach is that the term is widely understood.Ligaments, first, referred to as the word "be," the only value of which - an indication of the time and modality.Secondly, it called verbs with a modified and weakened to some extent the value of which express not only the predicative categories and put real content is the predicate.
compare examples: it was sad - he seemed to be (become) a sad - he returned sad.
The first sentence of a bunch of "to be" distracted by this official word formants, which contains grammatical forms of the time and inclination, which is characteristic of the verb.However, it is not a verb, because it has no procedural action or trait, as well as the category type, which has either of them.
significant and poluznamenatelnye ligament
In other examples presented ligament different type - remarkable and poluznamenatelnye.The last occurrence of the value of making a sign (to become / be), save it (to be / stay), external detection (sound / sound), the inclusion of external media (pass / pass for, to be called, be considered) in the compound nominal predicate.
Examples include the following: he has become smart - he was smart - he seemed smart - he was known as smart.
Significant ligaments are the words of a certain, specific value (mostly denoting movement or stay in a given state).They are able to take over any noun in etc.with the value of quality characteristics, either in the form of an adjective, etc.or Ip
proposals with a compound nominal predicate with significant ligaments can cite as an example the following:
1. He went hungry (hungry).
2. Boys were tomboy.
Bunch "to be"
Bunch "to be", being abstract, it does not form in the indicative mood of the time, so it is expressed in this mood is the very absence of the bunch.Such proposals, oddly enough, also have a compound nominal predicate.Examples:
1. Case in vain.
2. The evening is wonderful.
3. The road is good.
should be distinguished from a bunch of the verb "to be", which has two meanings:
1. Being, be present (we were in the theater. At that time there were many representations).
2. have (Sister was a doll).
Bundles "essence" and "there"
word "essence" and "there", which date back to the present tense third person of the verb "to be" in the modern language is considered official words - namely particles.
lack of ligaments called its zero form.This definition formulated AM Peshkovski, it was the first attempt to study the phenomena in syntactic paradigmatic aspect.The introduction of this concept means that the syntax (ie predicative basis of a nominal two-part proposal) is studied not as such separately, and in a certain number.This is illustrated by the following examples:
1. Street is (was) crowded.
2. The street would be crowded.
3. crowded street.
compound verbal predicate
We have examined these types of predicates, as a simple verbal and compound name.Let us now discuss in more detail the compound verbal predicate.It consists of two components - the infinitive and conjugated verb form.Last its grammatical forms and lexical meaning expresses temporal, modal and aspect characteristics of a certain action, which is indicated by an infinitive.The infinitive can attach itself to the verbs belonging to several semantic groups (like work, I started to work, come to work, forced to work).
rules for determining compound verbal predicate
predicate, according to the grammatical tradition - it is not any connection with the infinitive form of a conjugated.In order to be able to talk about it, to the following two requirements:
1. The infinitive in a predicate means not any action, but only a particular substance, the same as the Conjugated verb form that is the subject of a named subject.
Examples include the following.On the one hand - he wanted to work, and began to work, can work, can work.On the other - the parents forced him to work all asked to sing a Woman, Head ordered to perform a task.In the first case, which presents the compound verbal predicate, the infinitive is called subjectivity, since it refers to the action of a substance, the same as the Conjugated verb form.In the second case, the object is present infinitive, which traditionally do not make part of the predicate, and speak of him as a seconded members.
2. Defining moment predicate limits should take into account the nature of which have a semantic relationship between the infinitive and conjugated verb form.Infinitive with the value of the target is not included in it.This value it has at various verbs of motion came to work, stopped to talk, he ran to find out they sent to find out.Infinitive targets (which can be as clear example of how the object and subjectivity) - is a minor member.Predicate should be regarded as a compound infinitive verbs, more abstract in meaning (modal and phase).
compound verbal predicate, therefore, understood to mean the actions of a procedural feature, which is characterized in aspectuality (joined) or modal (like work) plan, or simultaneously in both of them (wanted to start working).
We reviewed the main types of predicates, to dwell on the compound name, and various ligaments that are present in it.This is only a brief overview of the topic, more information can be found in any textbook grammar section syntax.
