IT- a very young field of activity.Especially for Russia, which is due to the difficult political transformation of the first years of independence for a long time could not keep pace with the technological development of Western countries.Today, of course, IT-specialists of our country is rapidly declining backlog from foreign colleagues.Takes an interest in information technology and ordinary citizens.IT-sphere - what is it?People in some professions are busy it?Is it difficult to work in the field of IT-technologies?
theory
Information technology (English abbreviation - IT, but completely - "information technologies") - a set of human activities as well as academic disciplines that are relevant to the processes of creating, storing, processing, and management withcomputers (and other types of computers).
IT: international interpretation
IT-sphere - that is - the science or applied activity?It is believed that the one and the other.It can be backed up, for example, the authority of the major international organizations.There are, in particular, are two popular definitions of the essence of IT UNESCO.According to the first information technology - a combination of disciplines (bearing nature of technological, scientific or engineering studies), who study ways of organizing the activities of people engaged in the processing and storage of data.The second definition, which gives UNESCO experts, is as follows.IT - it is computer technology and methods of interaction with people and industrial equipment, its applications, as well as relevant to its work aspects of socio-economic and cultural development of the people.
What is the role of Internet in the structure of such a phenomenon as the IT-sphere?What is the theoretical understanding of information technology?Interpretations of the role of the Internet, of course, a lot.But in most interpretations of the World Network of experts - it's just a tool transfer (interchange) data.Internet usually do not rank as a separate class of IT-activities.
IT: people and professions
People whose profile activities associated with the implementation of tasks in the information technology, generally referred to as IT-specialists.Specific examples of activities that fit this definition, quite a lot.Consider some of the common IT-profession: programmer, system administrator and webmaster.
Programmer
This is a man who has qualified for the creation and editing of algorithms written in a special language and intended for the organization and streamlining of the process IO data with a computer or other type of computing.What is it about?On the programs, of course.These same algorithms that are specified person makes computers understand his "orders".Examples of programming languages - C ("C"), Perl, Java.
With the help of a user makes clear the PC he wants from him.In turn, the computer recognized "requests", provides an understandable human language - text, pictures, sound - the result.
Programmer: a theoretician or practitioner?
Programmer - is not a scientist and not a theorist.Even if he works at the university, and performs tasks related to the research.That is important to understand that this man, first of all, to produce something, and because its activity can be considered as an application.Programming - the sphere of IT-technologies, which is crucial aspect of practical utility produced men of action.It is always expected that any theoretical developments will lead to concrete results.
computer program - it's not just text in a special language.It's also a standalone product, capable of operating independently of the others.A key feature of the program - the independent functioning.It can pass somewhere in the form of files, or alternatively, to sell.
Business in IT, in fact, for the most part based on the sales results of programmers.This earned the largest IT-companies: Apple, Microsoft and others.
to work with the programs does not necessarily receive special education and be a graduate - this is only possible methods of obtaining the required skills.
Multilingual - the main requirement
Usually programmers know multiple languages construction of algorithms.Even if not, to develop new, as a rule, it is easy, since the basic principles of "dialogue" with the PC in general the same.Some languages are better adapted to the creation of computer games, others - to release a text editor.In many cases, writing a program in one language, you can "translate" it into another without loss of functionality.
System administrators
Examples of other common professions in the IT-sphere - the system administrator.This is the person qualified to ensure the stable operation of computer equipment entrusted to him.We are talking primarily about a hired employee.System Administrator - this is less a profession, more - functional role.This may also indicate that the lists of university specialties "system administrator" is extremely rare.While the "programmer" - regularly.However, both activities are recognized professions.
work on human system administrator positions in the general case is not related to writing programs.Most often "admin" is dealing with computer hardware, is engaged in setting up printers, modems, monitors, etc.
work of system administrators are often reduced to learning (instructions) other members of the basics of correct work with computers and other devices.If the company is large, and its staff more "admins", each may be responsible for some separate area.Relatively speaking, Ivanov - for the performance of the internal computer network Petrov - for the stability of the link to the Internet, Sidorov - for the correct functioning of the programs on the PC staff.
We see that the system administration - an example of a profession in which a person is busy working with the hardware area of the global category, which is the IT-sphere.What is the same as programming, the most important part of information technology, no doubt.
Webmaster
This is a person engaged in the creation of sites on the Internet, a representative of one of the youngest IT-professions.Programmers and system administrators have been a time when the global network are at the stage of theoretical development.Web designers and programmers - to a certain extent similar profession.They are united by the fact that they create a product important from the viewpoint of computer use - site or program.IT - sphere of activity, where many professions and specializations like.But still a lot of differences.
Webmaster operates a special language - HTML.It has some features of similarity with programming languages - namely, the algorithms by which man gives to understand the computer, what he wants.In this case - it should look like a web page displayed by the browser.But HTML has one feature that does not allow him to reckon programming languages: it creates algorithms are not able to run independently.The fact that the web page - this is not a program but a document is created so that a web browser would properly recognize it.
course, many webmasters use specialized programming language, designed to empower you to create sites improved functionality.In this case, we are talking about are not placed on the Internet web pages, and the ability to run their own algorithms.And then combine the two professions: the web master in addition to the core business became a programmer.
IT-literary
worth noting that the creation of Web sites - the sphere of IT-technologies, which is adjacent to a large number of very different industries.Most webmasters are turning to designers, psychologists who can help make the site capable to impress users.A significant role in the creation of websites play a humanitarian fields - linguistics, philology, literature, because the most important component of web documents - a text.He must be competent and attractive to visitors of virtual portals.
IT - sphere of activity, adjacent to the very large number of other industries.This, above all, marketing.It is understandable - in the IT business involves the promotion of computer products in various markets.This may be the sociology, which enables us to understand the specifics of public sentiment concerning the development of computer networks or distribution of any software or hardware solutions.Helping IT-professionals may mathematicians, economists, ecologists.
When the profession is not similar
Despite the fact that all of these activities relate to IT, people, representing one of them may not have any relation to the other two.It is possible that a programmer who knows dozens of computer languages, and can have no idea how the Intranet or customize accounting software.While all of these problems are easily solved, "admin".In turn, the web master, possessing remarkable talent in building a cool website could not cope with correct color adjustment own monitor and call on the assistance of the system administrator.The latter, well sorting out the intricacies of the connection of internal corporate computer servers Internet service provider, it is possible that does not understand a word of the Hypertext Markup Language.
narrow profile or broad specialization?
There is a version that the work in the field of IT-technologies should be a possible a narrower profile.In some cases this is justified, but only if that specialization, which will choose the man who really demanded by the market in the long term.A specialist in the IT-sphere, who knows only one language, even perfectly, may sooner or later be faced with a situation where his skills will become obsolete.In this regard, many experts recommend that programmers trained in the study of several languages - though not as deep, but retains the ability to change the profile, depending on the situation on the labor market.The same applies to system administrators and webmasters.However, it is highly unlikely that these two positions in the IT sector will no longer be relevant to the market.It is difficult to imagine that companies will disappear positions such as a system administrator or webmaster.No matter how varied the IT-sphere, developer of websites and brand supplier of accounting or other special software is likely to remain among the most common business units.
