State credit - is a relationship of an economic nature, which are the subjects of the state, legal and physical persons.
possibility of applying to the state to cover its expenses by attracting free funds of population and economic structures emerged along with the formation of a market economy.This is the essence of public credit.
characterized by state credit all mandatory conditions inherent in any kind of loan: repayment, and urgency.
greatest need for the development of this form of credit relations arises in terms of the budget shortage of funds.Then the state appeals to raise funds businesses and individuals through the sale of government securities it a high degree of reliability.
terms of payment of the state loan can not exceed 30 years.The state can act and the borrower and the lender and the guarantor at the same time.In most cases, it is the state acts as a borrower of funds.Much less - as a lender when providing legal and natural persons of the loan.In those cases, when it takes over responsibility for the fulfillment of obligations to repay the loan, the state is the guarantor.
main tasks that aims to solve the public credit: regulation of microeconomics;macroeconomic regulation;regulation of monetary policy and the financial condition of the country;the search for finance to cover the costs of the budget.
State loan has the following objectives: alignment of conditions for economic development of the regions;finance the budget deficit;support for municipalities;support key economic sectors.
State loan performs a number of functions: accounting;control;redistributive (between the budgets of different levels of the country);regulatory (ensuring the use of borrowed funds).
often function credit to reduce to two basic: the regulatory and fiscal.This function is carried out through the fiscal formation of funds centralized level and finance the budget deficit.
state loan forms, both internal and external assets.This type of loan capital can provide the subjects of the state, as well as foreign countries.
forms of state credit are following:
- on the subject of loan relations (loans placed by the central and local governments)
- centralized, decentralized;
- at the place of accommodation or receipts
- internal (within the country)
- external (provided the IBRD, IMF and other international lending institutions);
- by maturity
- short-term (less than one year)
- medium-term (one to five years)
- long-term (over five years).
the notion of the state loan has a direct bearing on the concept of public debt.Education of public debt is a result of borrowing and government guarantees.The increase in accounts payable of the country leads to the growth of public debt, and vice versa.Public debt must necessarily be provided by the State Treasury.Management of public debt held by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank.
In general, the public debt - the result of the activities of the executive power of the country with legal entities and individuals (both residents and non-residents of the country), the executive bodies of other countries and international financial organizations in order to create the fund means to meet the financial needs of the country.
