Create Supreme Administrative Commission was an important event in the political history of Russia.The existence of this body of evidence of an attempt of the Tsarist regime of the late 19th century to cope with the public mood, which was the basis of the expectation of consistent structural reforms.
What is the Commission
in 1880 by the tsarist regime was the establishment of the Supreme Administrative Commission.This year was marked by an active struggle against the autocratic rule of the revolutionary movement.Among historians, it is believed that the reason for the establishment of the Commission was the bombings opponents tsarist February 5 at the Winter Palace.
people, which was directly subordinate to the Supreme Administrative Commission - Mikhail Loris-Melikov Tarielovich.The composition of the body also included Pobedonostsev, AK Imereti, MS Kahane and other prominent public figures.Creation of the Supreme Administrative Commission, according to some historians, it was connected with the need to streamline the activities of law enforcement agencies in the capital of the Russian Empire in the face of rising revolutionary sentiment.
Activities
Supreme Administrative Commission was called upon to integrate the work of various state law enforcement agencies (including the courts).The main aim of the commission was growing opposition to the activity of revolutionaries.The tasks that faced by the organization, is to accelerate the investigation of suspects in crimes against the state, the question of the punishment in the form of links, managing police agencies that supervise.
among historians there is a version that Loris-Melikov actively interfered in the work of most government policies, but that support has contributed to the king's entourage.And since the establishment of the Supreme Administrative Commission could be assessed as a mere formality - key decisions are made, one way or another, under the tsarist line.And so, according to historians, it is not surprising was the fact that the establishment of the Supreme Administrative Commission pretty soon resulted in its abolition.Loris-Melikov was headed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Background appearance
In the popular version of the historiographical sources say that the reforms carried out by the tsarist regime in the 60-70 years of the 19th century, showed signs of inconsistency despite the fact that carried a number of advanced features: the development of the capitalist elements and the accompanying growth of the economystrengthening the country's position in the international arena.
Supreme Administrative Commission, historians say, has emerged as a response to the tsarist regime to crisis trends in the political process - began to emerge organizations seeking to correct deficiencies in the rule of the country by revolutionary methods.In addition, a significant portion of Russian society had expressed a political position, and there was a risk that radical cell will gain sympathy in the eyes of citizens.
Personality Loris-Melikov
Tarielovich Mikhail Loris-Melikov was born in 1824 in Tbilisi.His family has Armenian roots.He studied in the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages.Then - in military schools of St. Petersburg.In 1843-47 he served in the Hussars in Grodno.After several years at war in the Caucasus, after taking part in the Crimean War and the subsequent major military conflict between Russia and Turkey.After the peace agreement between the Powers was appointed interim governor-general of Astrakhan, Saratov and Samara, successfully solved the problem of combating dangerous epidemics in the region.He worked at the post of Governor-General of Kharkov, where he took part in the reform of the state apparatus.Once headed by the new state agency called the Supreme Administrative Commission (year 1880).
Loris-Melikov the situation in the country
In his memoirs about the conditions in which functioned the Supreme Administrative Commission, Loris-Melikov emphasized that the first priority was to reassure citizens.And only then to carry out reforms.Doer wrote that the Russian tsar under pressure from various sides.Firstly, with the foreign policy arena - the great powers forced the emperor to change with the Ottoman Empire signed the San Stefano peace treaty on terms unfavorable Russia.Second, the Russian intelligentsia demanded sequence of reforms: the abolition of serfdom in 1861, it was necessary to adapt to free the peasants to the new conditions of farming.And this despite the fact that not abated conservative progressive society, believes that reform of 1861 was not compatible with the Russian reality.
Draft Constitution of Loris-Melikov
In January 1881 Loris-Melikov proposed Emperor Alexander II to the document containing the basic principles of governance reforms, which, according to the figure to be adequate social and political environment.Historians have called this document "Constitution of Loris-Melikov."It contained a proposal to create a commission for the preparation of laws relating to financial issues, management in the regions and the formation zakonosoveschatelnogo function.The composition of these bodies should enter deputies elected in the provincial zemstvos and municipal councils.
main objective of reforms was to create an institution of popular representation, the inverse image of Parliament.The emperor did not object to the idea.But on a day when Alexander II signed a draft appeal to the government on the issue of reforms, terrorists "Narodnaya Volya" made an attempt on the king.The Emperor could not survive.
Narodovoltsy
main structure, which, according to many historians, poses the greatest threat to the tsarist regime was "Narodnaya Volya".This organization is a clandestine structure, but at the same time found the channels included in the political process.In its program provisions included the seizure of power by the revolutionary uprising and the subsequent democratic reforms."Narodnaya Volya" believed that the attacks - the most effective way to counter the regime.
In February 1880 they organized the explosion in the Winter Palace, which has led to the need to form such a structure, as the Supreme Administrative Commission.Year established this body, according to some experts, was characterized by the highest social tension in Russia.
History authorities to ensure order in Russia
Although the time was the establishment of the Supreme Administrative Commission - year particularly active radicals, which did not have, according to many historians, as pronounced manifestations in the previous few decades, such a body had historicalprototypes.In particular, in the middle of the 17th century, the king was created so-called Order of secret affairs, designed to monitor the performance of key state institutions and the conduct of the investigation relating to the work of politicians.When Peter the Great was established by order of the Transfiguration.The Authority has the task of investigation precedents personal insults Emperor, subversion, misconduct in the Guard.In the early 18th century it was established a new body - the Office of the investigative cases, and in a few decades - Secret expedition designed to investigate cases of violation of public order.In the following decades the bodies of internal affairs of the Empire acquired different names.In the late 19th century, when the country there is a need to counter radical groups, there was a Supreme Administrative Commission.
Historical Heritage Commission
among historians there is a version that the Supreme Administrative Commission was the body that had a direct influence on the formation of the Soviet and later the modern system of state institutions of law and order.In some historiographical data is information that started in 1917, counter-revolutionary organs of Soviet power in their functions are very similar to the Supreme Administrative Commission.Then the NKVD was created, there were structures such as the Interior Ministry and the KGB.
In 1991, the bodies were established, localized structures in the work of the Soviet of the RSFSR.After the collapse of the Soviet Union were the Russian Interior Ministry and the FSB.Thus, there is reason to say how great the historical role of such a body as the Supreme Administrative Commission: 1917 th - revolutionary - the year was a period of testing the state of a new format to counter the mood of protest, but on the basis of that experience grew, Soviet, and then the modern system ofthe rule of law.
historians rank among Russian scientists have experts assessing the historical role of the Supreme Administrative Commission in the context of contemporary political processes.In particular, there is a version that power with the king and the ruling elite in Russia today allow for common errors.For example, the emergence of terrorist organizations, is believed supporters of this hypothesis, and today, and then it was due to the arbitrariness of the elites, their lack of desire to carry out the necessary reforms, and by peaceful means.If you like something and counter terrorism, experts say, the emphasis needs to be done on the ideological factor in the adjustment of the principles of economic development, in which the opposition and subversive cell in society will not be able to influence the population, which has, for example, stable andhigh paying job.
important, historians stress, high-quality work of special services is not simply "an emergency" mode - when the terrorists activated and continuously.In these areas, experts believe, been mistaken government of Tsarist Russia, and carry out the work are not clearly state authorities of the Russian Federation.
