the concept of "rolling" may include all items of equipment involved in handling and passenger traffic on the railway network.Railways rolling stock includes various categories of cars, locomotives.It is divided into the composition of a special purpose, passenger and cargo transportation by the nature of the compositions.
can also cause the following classification SS:
- Traction: locomotives (electric locomotives, locomotives, diesel locomotives).
- Dumb: wagons (platforms, open wagons, grain carriers, tanks, etc.).
- motor-car: the underground, electric trains, railcars.
- special composition.purpose: to self-propelled machines, hand car.
creators considered transport are currently the machine-building enterprises of the country and abroad, lokomotivostroitelnye and car-building plants, steel mills.
first cars in Russia began to produce in the middle of the 18th century.As an independent industrial sector, railcar allocated to the mid 40-ies of the 18th century.At the time, it began construction of the railway trunk road from Moscow to St. Petersburg, and that is to build cars for the road to Leningrad was allocated treasury Casting and Mechanical Plant Alexander.
main feature of the railway at the time was the fact that the stock was likely designed to carry people.They build, as a rule, passenger cars plying suburban appointment.They did not have toilets, cupboards and even beds, seating only.
first cars were two-axle, frame and body made of wood.Their connection was a chain.Rolling stock for passenger transportation at the time was significantly different from the present.
next stimulus for development of the railway sector has become Russia's transition from feudalism to capitalism through reforms in 1861.Since 1863 began production of cars using the biaxial structure.
In 1859, at the Alexandrovsky plant appeared like a modern gondola - an open carriage, and porohovoz and car for explosives.
At the same time, the need to move perishable goods (food, mostly), there was an isothermal rolling stock.
In 1875 issued a decree of the Ministry of Railways (MPS), which spoke of bringing all the covered wagons of the same type to the variant "normal-sized" (6400 * 2743 mm).This is dictated by the size of military technology and mass transportation of troops.
the second half of the 90s.there is a rise in industrial production, which has led to the expansion of railway construction, rolling stock regained innovation.Growing demand for wagons for carriage in bulk.Production of such increased significantly.
In 1880, near the village of Big Mytischi began to construct Wagon Works Mytishchi.
In 1896, construction began on the construction of the Upper factory cars.
in 1897 degenerated into Railcar Plant for the production of ammunition boxes, field kitchens and tropicbirds.
And since the vast country emerged plants with only one purpose - to create the perfect rolling stock, can meet the needs of the state in transport.
Currently, the number of cars and locomotives can be called sufficient for the country, but on the technical condition of those should be good to think about.Happy one: the construction technique of this kind since the outbreak did not interrupt any year.
