life of the state and democratic society in the Western countries today is based on liberal principles, which presuppose the existence of multiple points of view on various issues facing the country and the society itself (the multiplicity of opinions is called the term "pluralism").It is this difference of opinion and provoked division between left and right, as well as centrists.These directions are common in the world.How do they differ among themselves?And characterized the relationship between those that have the right views, and those who call themselves "left"?
rights of political direction
First of all it must be said that such terms refer to the socio-political movements and ideologies.The right-wing views are characterized by sharp criticism of the reforms.Such parties in favor of maintaining the existing economic and political system.At various times, the preferences of such groups may be different, which also depends on the culture and region.For example, in the early nineteenth century in America politicians who had the right views, advocated the preservation of the slave system, and in the twenty-first century - against health reform for the poor.
left political direction
can say that is a kind of antithesis of the right.Left-wing political views - it is the collective name of ideologies and movements that advocate for reform and large-scale change in the existing political and economic regime.These areas include socialism, communism, anarchy and social democracy.Left demand equality and justice for all.
history of separation of political views and the emergence of parties
In the seventeenth century in France there was a split between the aristocracy, which in fact had then sole power, and the bourgeoisie, to be content with the modest role of a lender.The left and right political views were formed after the revolution in parliament.By chance it so happened that in the right wing of Parliament are the so-called Feuillant who want to maintain and strengthen the monarchy and the monarch adjusted via the constitution.In the center were the Girondins - that is "staggering."On the left side of the seated members-Jacobins, who were supporters of radical and fundamental change, as well as all kinds of revolutionary movements and actions.So what happened to the separation of the right and left eyes.First become synonymous with the concept of "reactionary" and "conservative" and the second part is called radicals and progressives.
How blurred these concepts?
left and right political views actually very conventional.At different times in different countries to the different positions absented virtually identical political ideas.For example, after his appearance was considered a uniquely liberal left over.Then it began to be defined as the political center in the plan of compromise and an alternative between the two extremes.
Today liberalism (or rather, neo-liberalism) - is one of the most conservative areas, and liberal organizations can be classified as right-wing parties.Some commentators are even inclined to talk about neo-liberalism as a new kind of fascism.Even such a strange point of view has a place, because you can recall the Chilean Pinochet liberal with its concentration camps.
Communists and the Bolsheviks - who are they?
left and right political views are often not only difficult to separate, and mixed together.A striking example of such contradictions - communism.The vast majority of the Bolshevik and Communist parties came to the big arena after the disengagement from social democracy, which gave rise to them.
Social Democrats is a typical left-wing, which required expansion of the population of political rights and freedoms, to improve the economic and social situation of workers and reform the methods of gradual peaceful change.Against all this, actively fought the then right-wing parties.Communists accused the Social Democrats of cowardice and headed for the more rapid changes in society, which is clearly seen in the history of Russia.
Objectively speaking, the financial situation of the working class still improved.However, the Soviet Union established political regime completely destroyed all democratic rights and freedoms of the people rather than to expand them as required to the same left-wing Social Democrats.Under Stalin there was a flowering of the general right of a totalitarian regime.Hence, there is a persistent problem in the classification of certain political parties.
Sociological differences
It is in the field of sociology can be found the first difference. Leftists are so-called popular sectors of the population - the poorest, without actually having the property.It is their Karl Marx called proletarians, and today they are called wage-workers, that is, people who live only on wages.
right-wing views were always turned over to independent individuals, who may live in the city and in the countryside, but own the land or by any means for production (shops, businesses, shop, etc.), that is, forced to work otheror are self-employed.
Of course, nothing prevents the right-wing parties in contact with the proletariat of the above, but not in the first place.This difference is the first and fundamental line of separation on the one hand are the bourgeoisie, cadres, members of the liberal professions, the owners of commercial and industrial enterprises;On the other hand - the poor farmers, peasants and employees.Naturally, the boundary between these two camps is blurred and unstable, which is characterized by frequent overflowing frame from one side to the other.You also can not forget about the notorious middle class, which is an intermediate state.In our time, this border has become more conditional.
Historical and philosophical difference
Ever since the French Revolution left a political opinion was sent to radical policies and reforms.This situation will never satisfy the politicians of this kind, they always stood for change and revolution.Thus, the left displayed a commitment and desire for rapid progress.The right-wing views are not opposed to development, they show the need for protection and restoration of ancient values.
As a result, one can observe the conflict of two opposing directions - followers and supporters of the movement order of conservatism.Naturally, we can not forget about the mass transitions and shades.In politics, representatives of left-wing parties see the means to launch changes, the ability to get away from the past, to change all that you can.Really look at power as a way to maintain the necessary continuity.
Tellingly, one can also see some differences in relation to reality at all.Leftists often show a clear tendency to every kind of utopia and idealism, while their opponents - unambiguous realists and pragmatists.However, the notorious right-wing fans can also be enthusiastic fanatics, though very dangerous.
political differences
left politicians have long proclaimed themselves the defenders of the people's interests and only representatives of trade unions, parties and associations of workers and peasants.Really, though not explicitly express their contempt for the people, they are committed to the cult of his native land, the head of state, the idea of loyalty to the nation.In the end, no wonder they are called exponents of national ideas (they are often prone to nationalism, authoritarianism and xenophobia), and their political opponents - the ideas of the Republic.In practice, both parties can act as a democratic positions, and use the clear totalitarian methods of influence.
rightism extreme form can be called highly centralized totalitarian state (for example, the Third Reich), and leftism - unbridled anarchism that seeks the destruction of any power at all.
economic differences
leftist political views are characterized by the negation of capitalism.Their carriers are forced to put up with it as yet trust the government more than the market.Nationalisation they welcome with rapture, and the privatization of watching with the deepest regret.
Those politicians who have right views, say what the market is fundamental to the development of the state and the economy in general throughout the world.Of course, capitalism is found in the environment with enthusiasm, and all kinds of privatization - with sharp criticism and inaction.This does not prevent nationalist to be an advocate of a strong state and to strengthen the public sector in various areas of the economy, and the man with the left libertarian views are (a supporter of the free market as much as possible).However, the main theses remain generally immutable: the idea of a strong state is left and the free market - Right;planned economy - the left and the competition and the competition - on the right.
differences in ethical views
left and right political views differ also in the view of the national question.The first advocate of traditional humanism and anthropocentrism.The second is the idea of proclaiming a common ideal, which would have dominated the individual personality.This is where the roots are characteristic of the majority and the rights of religious atheism left.Another difference is the importance of nationalism and the need for first internationalism and cosmopolitanism for the second.
