Participation in the elections - the duty of every citizen.Just how many of them understand that, in fact, at this moment going on?Here you can really explain to his friends that a majority districts?How is it different from the other and wonder why it is called?Let's try to understand.For many it will come in handy the next time it comes time to go to the polling station.Still, you need to understand the process in which you participate, not to join the ranks of those who use a "blind".
electoral system
Without this concept does not understand.After all, the majority of districts is part of it.The electoral system is a legislative consolidation mechanism of expression of the citizens.It all clearly marked and painted.Participants, processes, mechanisms are fixed by a special law (and sometimes even more).Including document defines and election technologies.It includes a system of means, mechanism, methods of organization, of expression.Total of three technologies: proportional, mixed and majority.In our case, we are using the latest.This constituency is a kind of territorial unit of the electoral system.They divided that territory in which, in accordance with the law, elections are held.For example, if the parliament is formed, the county established throughout its territory, and so on.
majority system
This kind of electoral process is considered to be the oldest.The very strange for many people, the term comes from the French word «majorite» It means "majority."From here you can easily conclude that it means majority districts.This is an area in which the candidates chosen are those who have managed to get the majority of votes.Only that's not all.These are the "majority" is defined by law, in each case separately.For example, there is a system where the winner is the one who was "first" after counting.It is called a system of absolute majority.In this case, the voters included in the majority districts, receives Newsletter where you need to put only one check.One candidate, which has caused the confidence of the majority of voters, is declared the winner.
Other majoritarian system
In many countries, voting is conducted on this basis.You can call the United States and the United Kingdom, Canada and France, Russia and Ukraine.In the last chapter of village councils, for example, are elected on the principle of relative majority.It is significantly different from the above.The legislator of the State has decided that it is more fair.That's why, when formed the majority of districts, it includes a certain number of voters.
Everyone, of course, their own opinion.If the count is carried out in absolute system, the winner is the one who has the most votes arithmetically.But this is considered to be unfair, in fact, it may select a small portion of the electorate.When the count is carried out in accordance with the relative system, the winner is the one who will be more than half the votes cast.This is important, because in fact, for this candidature has expressed a significant portion of the electorate.In addition, allocate the majority system of qualified majority.
advantages and disadvantages
should be noted that when formed constituency, many factors are taken into account.Among these, they are usually geographical location of human settlements, population, number of seats and others.It is believed that the majority electoral district - this is the element that corresponds to democratic principles.Every citizen has the opportunity not only to participate in the expression of will, but also "to be heard."His voice will surely affect the outcome of the process.In addition, a special act of the legislator prescribes special conditions.These may be: turnout threshold or scoring system.These nuances seem insignificant to the uninitiated.However, they significantly affect the results of the expression of citizens united by a majority in the electoral district.Among the shortcomings indicate decline in the participation of people in the second vote.Consider the details.
repeated voting
result when the majority system is not always the final after the first round.The law under which the will is carried out, determines the criteria for the announcement of winners.If it turns out after the counting of votes, that none of the candidates does not satisfy them, a second election.Majority districts thus remain the same.There may be changes in the list of candidates.Let's take the same example of a rural election goals in Ukraine.If none of the candidates has collected half of the votes, those who went into "two" leaders compete with each other.This involves another vote.
Australian system
majoritarian elections can be held peculiar ways.In Australia, for example, the legislator has found a way to get away from the repeat voting.There count carried out on the basis of an absolute majority.But voters have the right to specify additional benefits for other candidates.It's comfortable.In the case where no absolute majority gets the first time, the list of the last throw, then, a second count.So act as long as the candidate does not identify fully satisfying the requirements spelled out in law.It turns out that even in a difficult situation, there is no need to attract voters to resolve it again.Each, as it were, in advance expresses all his wishes regarding the winner (allocates priorities).Agree, this system is more democratic than the one where the vast majority of simple count.
list of candidates in majority districts
voters, of course, are not interested in counting system itself, but rather for someone to give voice.But in this case, you still have the notion that legislation which defines the essence of the will.In a simple system, you need to give your vote for one candidate (tick).In more complex - are additional priorities indicate.In addition, there are multi-member districts.
They list is not a personalized candidates, and from peer.They are represented by party lists.All these nuances you need to know ahead of time before going to the site.In the most general embodiment of the candidates register corresponding commission.She creates bulletins which indicate all those who passed the selection, provided the documents and so on.The process is not simple.But the voter gets a list on hand-newsletter, having confidence in his full compliance with current legislation.
some nuances counting
It should be noted that the legislation is constantly being improved in order to increase the level of democracy.The voice of every citizen is to be taken into account.Therefore determined various nuances.For example, when counting can be counted as the number of votes and the total number of voters.Once installed turnout.Such a rule is present in many countries in the laws governing the election of the President.Thus, the plebiscite declared valid, when it was attended by more than fifty percent of registered voters (50% plus one vote).
