story of an Islamic state is inseparably linked with the same religion.This religious trend emerged through the work of the Prophet Muhammad.
origins of Islam emerged in 6-7 century.He proclaimed and established the moral standards of society, equality among all Muslims, forbade bloodshed and violence between people.All power, according to this religious movement, surrendered into the hands of the Prophet.
Over time, the followers of Islam was becoming more and more.Their numbers began to enter the main part of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula.In this regard, there is a problem ordering relations and public control over the followers of the religious direction.Prophet Muhammad quickly coped with this task.He became the single leader who led the faithful on a light path of Allah.
After the death of Muhammad was succeeded by the caliphs.It adherents of Islam, taking the place of the prophet.Their duties include the exercise of powers of the Board on all Muslims.
aggressive intentions
After the death of Muhammad began to gain momentum the idea of waging a "holy war."And this despite the fact that jihad was first used only for defensive purposes.Only later was its gradual transformation into an instrument of subjugation and capture incorrect.It began construction of a long bloody Khalifa.Constituent factor in this process was Islam.
Caliphate
United Arabia, most people who adhere to the Muslim faith, since the first half of the 7th century.started to conduct the war.The Arabs conquered Egypt and Syria, Palestine and Iran.They extended their power in North Africa, in the southern regions of Spain, in Central Asia and the Caucasus.As a result of the wars of conquest in a huge Islamic state, which is known as the Arab Caliphate.The capital of this great power was the city of Baghdad.In the occupied territories it settled a large number of Arabians.
This Islamic state in its political system retains the features of the slave, but at the same time, rapidly became reborn as feudal.Large areas of land were the property of the conquered country.Work on their lands forced the peasants to pay taxes, equating them to hereditary tenants.
Polity
Caliphate took place in a centralized form of monarchy.The state was secular and spiritual head.He was the Caliph.An important feature of the current monarchy was a mix of spiritual and secular power in one person.That is why the Islamic State Caliphate can be attributed to the feudal and theocratic.Main role among top government officials assigned to the Vizier.Great importance in the Caliphate purchased educated sofas.
Heads areas of the state were emirs.They are appointed by the Caliph.After the appearance of feudal disunity, many emirs became independent rulers.
At the initial stage of development of the state, as the Caliphate, religion and the right to merge into one.The main source of law was considered the Koran.Its author is the prophet Muhammad.Islamic law called "Sharia", which means "straight path."It included not only religious dogma.Islamic caliphate drew the writing rules of civil, criminal and procedural law.
There were collections of traditions about Muhammad handed down judgments and writings, including the interpretation of Muslim legislators.This letter serves as a supplement to the Koran.They are used and are currently in the gaps in the existing law.
Islamic Caliphate had another characteristic feature.There was no separation between the religious, legal and ethical standards.They formed a single complex.
Islamic Caliphate for a long time maintained state ownership of all the land.However, developing feudal relations changed this device.It began to appear private ownership.
What state can be considered Islamic?
Islam has not lost its force in many countries.What is an Islamic state today?This country, in which the system is based on Islam.This is the direction of the religious dogma for the whole society.Sharia - the main scripture, which is guided by an Islamic state.This is a document that contains elements of civil and constitutional, administrative and criminal, procedural and family law.
Islamic concept of nation-building is different from Western forms.First of all, it is based on the laws drawn up by the Prophet Muhammad.In addition, it is worth noting in Islam is very difficult classification of forms of government.
classical theory of Islam put forward their dogmas.She believed that the adherents of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad can not be divided among the nations.According to the religion, Muslims are inseparable Ummah.Available on the political map of the world federation, for example, Malaysia or the United Arab Emirates, according to Islam - not union of peoples and states.In this also lies the fundamental difference between these countries on how the federation is understood in Western Europe.
types of Islamic states
This concept is close to the western legal regime.Islamic countries may be sultanates and emirates Caliphate and the Imamate.All these types of Muslim states are characterized by their own means and methods of government.Thus, the sultanates of the country - are those in which power belongs to the dynasty of Sultan.Such a rule historically.The Sultanate of peace in the modern political map - is Oman, which is located in Arabia, as well as Brunei, located on the south-east Asia.
very ancient Islamic state - is the Sultanate of Oman.It was created in the third century and the middle of the seventh was a part of the Arab Caliphate.The territory of Oman is located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula.With this state bordering Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Yemen and the United Arab Emirates.In 1970 he became the head of Oman's Sultan Qaboos bin Said.
Sultanate of Brunei - a tiny Islamic state.Map of South East Asia will show us its location.Brunei is located in the northern part of the island of Borneo.This state was formed in the sixth century.In the past it was considered the center of culture of Muslims.To date, this state is one of the richest in the world and it belongs to the Sultan the most affluent people in the world.
There are small Islamic countries in which power belongs to the dynasty of the emir, or choose a leader.They are called the emirates.A feature of such states is their small size.They are considered a kind of steps that serve to revive the Caliphate.
Since September 1919, the West Dagestan and Chechnya existed North Caucasian Emirate.Since March 1920 it is an Islamic state became part of the RSFSR.
But the UAE President ruled.But at the same time, the United Arab Emirates is a federation consisting of seven emirates its composition.They are ruled by emirs.
The next type is the imam of the Islamic state.There is a spiritual leader of a religious leader.They call him an imam.This kind of political and social system characterized by adherence to the Shiite doctrine.At the same time public authorities given the global nature (similar to the Caliphate).
on the political map of the world from 1829 to 1859.there was a state Imamate of Shamil.It was located in what is now Chechnya and Dagestan.This is an Islamic state was abolished by the Russian Empire.The greatest flowering of the said country has made during the reign of Imam Shamil, which lasted from 1834 to 1859.
in the 19th century.There was another similar Islamic state.Map of Yemen from 1918 to 1962, pointed to in its territory Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen.Its existence the country has stopped after anti-monarchist revolution.
What is the Islamic State Caliphate?According to the legal doctrine of Islam, it is a single country.In the past, the core of the Caliphate was the Arab-Muslim country, established by Muhammad in the 7th century.After she became a huge state, located on the territory of the countries conquered by the Arabs.Ruler is caliphs.
Islamic republic
exist separately theocratic form of the device, which is spread across the Middle East.It is the Islamic republic.Here the main role in the management of given Muslim clergy.
Islamic Republic is a kind of compromise.It exists between the European principles of state building and the dogmas of traditional Muslim monarchy.
In the Islamic Republic is Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan and Iraq.The laws in these states are created based on sharia dogmas.
basic concept
Koran does not prescribe any particular form of government.Islamic law does not have its own constitutional theory.However, the basic concept of any kind of Islamic state is to meet the requirements of the Muslim teachings.This allows you to speak with confidence about what Islam is endowed with a "super-state" property.In addition, this doctrine establishes the very foundation of the entire existing system.At the same time that Islam plays a leading role in the activities and principles of the organization of the state mechanism.
striking example embodiment of the basic concept of an Islamic state - it is the society that created the Prophet Muhammad.He hooked his hands in the judicial, executive and control authority.And the prophet took a final decision only after the council with authority Muslims.Muhammad in their teachings argued that the idea of creating such a state granted him Allah himself.
Islamic law gradually developed.It changed and the basic concept of the state.It is becoming more and more fashionable look and is in contradiction with traditional Islamic scholars assert the immutability of the divine dogmas.It is a continuous process of reform of the legislative sphere.As a result of the relations that previously regulated only Islamic law, were regulated and other regulatory sources that took European origin.
This process began in the mid-19th century.In the first place it touched those areas in which there is particularly acute conflict with classical Islam.As a result, some Islamic states have been recognized by a single alternative to the Caliphate.
Features
concept of an Islamic state has its own unique features.The main feature is the subordination of all its activities foundational principles of Islam.It also assumed control of the people over the activities of state bodies.It is prescribed by Islamic law.Thus, the state is responsible to its citizens.
Features of the concept of building an Islamic society concluded the need to establish a number of institutions.The Islamic principle of "consultation" is observed in those countries where there is at the head of an advisory body.An example of this could be Qatar.In this state there is a Consultative Council, which is appointed by the emir.What are its main features?He gives advice to the governor of the state.The laws of Qatar are taken only after consulting conversations with that body.
basic constitutional concept of Muslim countries - the recognition of Islam as the state religion, which is preached in almost forty countries.This principle is a vivid display of the impact of the dogmas contained in the Koran, on the right to legislate.These provisions are reflected in the constitutions of the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Pakistan, etc.
basic concept of many Islamic countries is to secure the highest legal force of the Quran.Here, in addition to the rules prescribing a secular right, parallel to the law of a Muslim.However, they both have a wide scope of spread, affecting not only the relationship of a personal nature, but also those who are in the administrative, criminal and civil status.This concept is characteristic of the countries on the Arabian Peninsula, as well as Pakistan.
It should be said that, despite the secular way of development, the Muslim states do not give up on Islamic law as the most important factor shaping the legal consciousness, mentality of the people, as well as the behavior of Muslims.
basic doctrines
Caliphate emerged as a theocratic state.From the very beginning of its existence, its basic principle is the unity of secular and spiritual power.All control when it was concentrated in the hands of the Caliph.
Regulatory requirements are given in the Quran, do not indicate the need for a specific form of the construction of the state.Not specified in these principles and mechanisms of power.However, some fans of the Quran is to interpret scripture.They were created works in which reflected the Islamic concept of the state.That idea, which they relied, in the Koran there.It states that the only source of power is Allah.Mohammed was also only his messenger, which is fixed for the control function of the will of the deity.
Islamic concept of the state began to develop in the 10-11 centuries.This was the period when the Abbasid Caliphate dynasty, and the country went into decline.
a long time to build an Islamic state based on two approaches.The position of the first of these was based on the principle of the unity of religion and law.In contrast, there was a view of the non-requirement of preserving a single Muslim caliphate.But those and others have seen the decisive role of Islam in the regulation of all aspects of society.
today in Muslim countries recognized the right to establish any system of government.The main thing is to match the conditions of the country.
Already in the early 20th century.Most Islamic countries passed the secular model of society.However, in the second half of the same century, a trend leading to a strengthening of the role of Islam in the life of these countries.This is especially clearly manifested in Iran, Pakistan and Sudan.
