article provides general information about the concept of internalization.This phenomenon is characteristic of the higher mental functions and activities.The term was developed by both Western and Soviet psychologists, especially in the framework of the psychology of work.
definition
internalization concept was first introduced into scientific circulation by researchers from France.Initially, there was another meaning iteriorizatsii.It was a phenomenon, it refers to the process of instilling the ideology of the individual, that is, the consciousness of society was transferred into the consciousness of the individual.
Psychoanalysts consider a slightly different definition of internalization.This, in their opinion, the process that takes place in the psyche of the individual and defines the relationship with existing or not existing object, the transformation of the environment factor into a factor of internal environment.This phenomenon is still a matter of discussion in psychoanalytic direction.Currently scientists have not found identical whether processes such as Introjection, absorption, and identification, or they occur along parallel lines.
Soviet psychologist Vygotsky gave the following definition of internalization - is the transformation of external activity into the internal environment of consciousness.Scientists believe that the initial development of the mind takes place in the external environment, and depends on various environmental factors, staying surrounded by the individual.But over time, these external common forms of activity due to the phenomenon of internalization absorbed by the human consciousness and higher mental functions are a particular individual.
How is the process of internalization?
It has already been pointed out that the external relations between people gradually turned into human higher mental functions such as memory, thinking, perception, sensation, imagination.Vygotsky conducted experiments in the school to confirm their theoretical assumptions.As a result of the study, researchers came to the following conclusions:
- see the process of construction of higher mental functions is possible only in the genesis after they form.Then it enters deep into the structure of consciousness and become indistinguishable.
- Interiorization helped arisen psychic reality by switching the external forms in the internal.
- Formed explained the essence of difficult, especially if we talk in terms of physiological processes.For its consideration of the tools needed a different kind - psychological.
transformation process in the domestic foreign relations is possible through internalization.This transformation does not occur on their own, because it also depends on the people around them, communicate with them.Only through adequate education of the child and his psyche is developing correctly.The phenomenon of internalization helps a person to mentally plan, be dialogue, to consider various options for the event.Thinking abstract categories becomes available.
Interiorization activities
Each term - it is a product of human activity.So, it is hardly possible to learn.But thanks to organize the process of learning internalization activity is gradual and progressive.
Take, for example, the student who is learning to read.To begin with, it should learn the external form, ie letters.Then gradually student studying syllables and begins to read aloud.But this process of learning to read does not end there, because the next stage is the transition of reading aloud into the inner reading.That is the process of converting the external action of higher mental functions - a process of internalization.
addition to this phenomenon, there is also the opposite of another concept.Internalization and externalization - it's like two sides of the coin.One transforms the outer to the inner, and the other - the inner to the outer.For example, when an automated skill fails, the person starts looking for what is wrong and then doing something right.Thus, the inner back to the external.
investigate and develop these concepts in the theory of stages of development of mental activity Galperin.He considered the highest level of internalization of what man can do certain actions mentally, without additional manipulation.
Galperin's theory
Scientists believe that mental actions formed only after these steps:
- Introduction to performance requirements.
- external manipulation of objects.
- Actually, internalization - the development of action in the absence of material objects, the transformation of the inner plan.Here we use it to refer to the foreign external objects.
- final passage of speech in the thinking.
- Completion of internalization.
That's the way the human mind develops, and external actions through internalization are thinking.
