As is known, the attention in the life of every person plays an important role.But not everyone knows that there is a rather large number of its species, forms and qualities, characteristics which are significantly different from each other.
concept of attention
Attention - it is not self-learning process.If you ask the question about what kind of attention, we can say that by itself it does not show anything, and does not exist separately.However, it is one of the most important components in cognitive activity as it creates and manages the operation.Any cognitive activity carried out deliberately, so attention to exercise more and function of consciousness.
As a rule, it is a special state of consciousness.Thanks to the attention and focus are sent to different cognitive processes in order to more fully and accurately reflect reality.In addition, this concept is closely linked to many sensory and mental processes.But the most noticeable this relationship in the sensations and perceptions of many.
Characteristics attention and its processes
- Resistance is represented as the duration of drawing attention to the same object or the same to the same problems.
- process of concentration and forms of attention is the increase in the intensity of the signal when the limited field of perception.They offer long delay attention to some object, as well as distract from other effects that are not important for the person at that moment.
- Focus is visible as a result of concentration on a particular object, to get the most comprehensive information and relevant data about it.
- distribution function and processes of attention considered subjectively experienced the ability to retain a specific number of different items in one and the same time.
- pereklyuchaemosti method is the degree of the speed of transition from one activity specific to a completely different (in the presence of scattering has a bad pereklyuchaemost).
- Objectivity is connected primarily with the ability to select any signals according to the task, the importance, relevance and so on.
The main types of attention
attention manifested by a sensory and intellectual processes, as well as through practical actions with the goals and objectives of different
activities.Because of this there are the main types of attention: the motor, sensory, deliberate, intelligent and unintended.
The volume value is determined by the number of sites where you can aim and focus of the subject in a specific second time.It is calculated by special devices - tachistoscope.In an instant a person can turn their attention to several objects present, as a rule, their number - from four to six.
Motor attention
What note is known to many, but when it comes to the engine of his form, it is characterized by certain amendments.As a rule, motor focus is usually on the movement and activities that are performed by man.It allows more firmly and clearly aware of the different techniques and methods that
applied in practice.Motor kind of attention to control the movement and actions, as well as control them.They tend to be focused on any particular subject, especially when obliged to be very precise and clear.
Touch attention
Sensory attention may occur when facilities operate in sensitive organs.Such forms of attention provided fairly clear reflection of all the objects and their characteristics.This is manifested in the presence of the human senses.Because of the touch focus images that may arise in the mind are clear and distinct objects.This version can be visual, auditory, olfactory, and so on.As a rule, people
particularly apparent visual and auditory its types, the first of which is in the psychology of the best studied, because of their relatively easy to understand and fix.
Intelligent attention
quality of attention aimed at the intellectual kind of more serious functioning and effectiveness of such essential cognitive processes such as thinking, memory and imagination.Because of this, people are much better able to remember and reproduce the information, and create clearer images in the imagination and productive thinking.Due to the fact that this species is characterized by the presence of an internal nature and almost inaccessible for research, it is the least understood, it is difficult to clearly define what kind of attention.
Arbitrary attention
Arbitrary or deliberate attention occurs when a person has a purpose or task to be careful with respect to any subject and mental actions.Typically, this kind of attention is directed to adjustment of sensory and motor processes and internal cognitive activities.Intentional variety could well be arbitrary in cases where a person needs to be strong-willed effort to his attention was directed and focused on a specific subject that should know.
arbitrary even called active or as strong-willed.Characteristics attention to this species is that the direct initiative of its origin belongs to the man, and the method of its appearance through the efforts already under way and will of the subject.
When the focus of attention is closely linked with conscious purpose, here we are talking about the so-called free form, which naturally accompanies human activity.He appears in those situations where the subject is absorbed in any activity.In addition, attention is closely related system associations.This can be very important when the object of attention continues to capture the target, but it destroys the willpower.This species begins its manifestation in cases where the activity becomes more fun and be carried out without any special effort.
As regards the conditions of formation of any kind of attention, you can highlight a clear statement of purpose, the systematic organization of work, the use of the properties of mental activity, the ability to concentrate for long.These are the main features of this type of attention.
Involuntary attention
in the same situation as the focus and concentration are involuntary in nature, actual involuntary attention.One of the main forms of this type of installation is considered, it is a state of complete readiness or the human predisposition to any action.
Unintentional (involuntary) kind of focus appears alone without a purpose on the part of the subject.Its cause significant human qualities of various objects and numerous events.Characteristics of this type of focus is to ensure that the principal of its manifestations and provoking factors is the novelty of the subject.
In addition, involuntary attention may attract many bright stimuli (flash light, loud noises, strong odors, and others).In some cases, this type can cause, and not too visible stimuli (when they fully meet the interests, needs and attitudes of man).
When involuntary attention quite important design belongs to the text (especially in children's books).This form is primarily dependent on the properties of various external stimuli and is forced, and she went on a little longer.Internal causes involuntary attention given in anticipation of some specific experiences.So before you start reading, it is important to draw up a rough idea of this book.
Value attention
general, special attention is such that it is a basic condition for a successful outcome of any intellectual activity.Its functions are the improvement of other types of work, to which it is fixed, but it does not have a special activity of the product.In addition, some sources in psychology can be read, that attention is an organization of mental activity by which perception, sensations, thoughts more clearly understood the rest, and the latter, in turn, is sidelined or not perceived.
Thus, attention is consciously regulated by focusing on some object.It does not depend on the presence of the subject properties (attractiveness, internal and external quality, the interest of the observer).It fixed it thanks to the person depending on his activities.
If a person knows about that kind of attention, he realizes that a good result and success is dependent on a variety of work on how to set a goal and how to plan the steps to achieve it.Also of great importance is the time associated with a degree of clarity in the direction of his efforts during the activity.
