Yields of potatoes from 1 ha.

value of this plant to Russia is difficult to overestimate.Potatoes - the most consumed vegetable in our country.120-130 kg per person per year - a significant figure, and for the production of potatoes, we are second only to China.This is a strategic culture that successfully ensures food security of the country.

Potato growing in Russia

One of the features of our potato production is the predominance of private farms, traditionally characterized by its low efficiency due to the high proportion of manual labor.

In recent years, actively developing large potato production, showing a much higher yield due to the possibility of the use of technology and science-based standards for fertilizing soil.

Another feature of recent years is the reduction of the area set aside for the cultivation of potatoes.But the increase in productivity while allowing you to fully compensate for the decrease of planting area.

However, in order to catch up with developed countries, we need to increase the current level of productivity more than doubled.It is not easy, because the agricultural markets has increased competition, and fuel prices are rising rapidly.

Moreover, as usual, lagging logistics sector.All this led to the fact that the weakest producers go, unable to compete, and the remaining are forced to think about increasing the efficiency of production.

Russia is a traditional leader in the gross potato production, producing 11% of the global harvest.Thus 70-80% of the product in its raw form goes to private consumption.

Industrial processing in Russia is very poorly developed, not exceeding a few percent.According to forecasts, the next redistribution of potato market in Russia is associated with the development of the processing of vegetables.

main potato pests

Colorado beetle - one of the main pests of potatoes.On small plots with him struggling manually collecting beetles, pupae and larvae in a container of kerosene, formalin or a strong brine.In areas of large area is used 80% -s trichlorfon or Dilorom.The best time to chemical treatment - the beginning of breeding second-third instar larvae.

potato nematodes often attacks potatoes.Its larvae harm, and roots and tubers of plants.Nematodes Cysts are ground on potato roots and comprise at 200-1000 eggs each.Externally, the plant looks ill at the same time, the lower leaves die, the rest quickly wither.The cysts can survive up to 10 years or more.At the infected sites usually follow the quarantine measures are not cultivated legumes, grains and vegetables up to four years.Pest control also prevents the use of infected seeds and tools used to cultivate the soil.

beetles - larvae of click beetles, damaging the roots and tubers.To fight with him set traps, creating a small handful of grass in the garden.They collected beetles, which are subsequently destroyed.Good help and weeding is especially important to destroy the wheat grass.

Medvedka - a major parasite brown, arrange nests at a depth of 10-15 cm. This pest is eating everything: the roots and stems, and tubers, as well as seeds and other root crops.To deal with it you need to dig the soil in the fall to a depth of at least 25 cm. Assist as bait from manure.In cases of severe destruction of the soil used benzofosfat.

Pest potatoes should be the focus of all those involved in its cultivation, otherwise you can lose your entire crop.

profitability potato business

If you invest in the production of 80 thousand rubles, you can get a yield of potatoes from 1 ha to 20 tonnes. At the same time with the same area of ​​wheat will be able to collect only 7-8 tons, which will provide approximately 60-65 thousand.rub.arrived.In the case of new technologies yield of potatoes from 1 ha can reach 80 t / ha, and the income, respectively - 800 thousand. Rubles!

Experts estimate that it is necessary to grow to 100-240% ROI potatoes.The business plan for its production must take into account the area of ​​the field a minimum of 250 hectares, and the financial investment - at $ 7 million, but still working capital of $ 0.5-1 million. Last year the profitability of this business in Russia amounted to 40-60%.

According to the same experts, project to grow potatoes pays an average of 5-7 years, with interim results are not always indicative.Throughout the period of activity required systematic and serious investments.For example, the cost of the combine is about 300 thousand. Euro planter is 80 thousand. Euro, etc.Soviet equipment is outdated and may cause damage to the crop.

But all this applies to industrial production.For individual farms there are circuits with a low level of investment, but with lower margins.

business plan for a home site

technology of potato production in the area has its own peculiarities.For starters try to at least roughly calculate the profitability of potato business in this environment.For this purpose it is necessary to analyze the costs involved.Then it makes sense to calculate profit margins, given the average yield of potatoes from 1 ha and wholesale prices.After that, for the amount of net income should be deducted from the second digit first.Approximate calculation for a site area of ​​0.5 hectares will be as follows.

Thus, all the preliminary expenses are stacked in the amount of 1.5 thousand. dollars.With an average yield of 200 kg per hundred and the average wholesale purchase price of potatoes $ 0.2 per 1 kg can be obtained from the sale of 2 thousand. Dollars in the first year.Since the machinery is purchased not for one year, then in subsequent years you can have is much more cost-effective potatoes.The price for it, in practice, only grows.

Industrial production methods of potato

technology potato production using modern methods have made it possible today greatly improve the efficiency of potato production sector.Now turn the use of industrial methods of cultivation.This term means the following principles.

1. Volume production is planned in advance and calculations justify themselves.
2. all quality indicators are calculated and set before planting.
3. crop produced in strict accordance with the schedule.

All this is achieved by applying industrial methods, consisting of the following elements.

1. various organizational and technical improvements to provide high performance, resulting in minimizing the cost of production.
2. active use of various technological methods allowing almost nullify the impact of adverse weather conditions.
3. Minimizing the impact of human factors on the result of the manufacturing process through the use of technical means and methods.
4. High average potato yield is achieved through the introduction of management and operational control.An important role is also played by technological methods, allow to provide the planned quantity of production.

Right now, there is every opportunity to move to industrial methods in potato.This is facilitated by the following factors:

• market demand for a quality product is constantly growing;
• number of workers in agriculture, as well as their skill level is reduced;
• market technology makes it possible to buy farm machinery capable of implementing the use of industrial methods;
• availability of advanced world technical achievements allows to make the transition to a completely new level of potato cultivation.

effective technical solutions should not depend on the size of the economy and its specificity.The solution of the complex tasks of the transition to industrial methods should be implemented on the basis of the best domestic and foreign experience, as well as highly qualified specialists' recommendations.

How to increase the yield of potatoes

There are many factors that affect the yield of potatoes.Here are some of them.

1. quality planting material should be high.
2. Potatoes are always places high demands on the soil, especially its air mode.That is why it is so important to increase yields in a timely manner of its hill.If you loosen the landing hill and a few times during the summer, even loamy soils is not a hindrance.Do not forget at the same time, the best time to hilling - at plant height from 5 to 20 cm. Hilling crop growth is due to increasing the number and size of tubers.If you miss favorable for this period, productivity growth will be possible only by increasing the weight of the tubers.
3. When planting potatoes aisles must be at least 90 cm.
4. during flowering and vigorous growth of tubers is important to ensure a large amount of water, for 10-15 liters per plant.
5. During flowering and budding good fertilizer.The rules on the hive 3-6 g of superphosphate, 3-4 g of potassium sulphate, 1-3 g of ammonium nitrate or urea, wood and peat ash.Well-fed bird droppings, or mullein, to ensure that you receive high-quality potatoes.The price of these fertilizers is low.For example, mullein can be bought at 40 rubles per 5 liters.
6. for improvement in the flowering period is recommended to remove diseased bushes and impurities are not high-quality potatoes.This will increase the yield by 10-20% per year.
7. In the budding phase is useful to remove all flower stalks, it also increases the yield.

Applying fertilizer for potatoes

First of all, it is important to remember that during the growth of potatoes pulls out of the ground about 50 kg of nitrogen, 20 kg phosphorus and 90 kg of potassium is based on 10 tons of product.Therefore these fertilizers, and should be regularly incorporated into the soil so that it does not impoverish and potatoes could provide the necessary power to him.

Nitrogen helps the active growth of plants entering carbohydrates in the tubers.

Phosphorus increases resistance to drought, the root system develops and accumulates in the tuber starch, facilitates their early maturation.

Potassium causes an increase of carbohydrates in the tubers, increases resistance to weather conditions.

fertilize the soil, it is important to maintain the right balance.With a lack of potassium, for example, is poorly absorbed nitrogen.In addition, the excess of any fertilizer can harm no less than a disadvantage.

The timing is recommended to apply fertilizer in the central regions in July, in the north - in July and August, and in the south - in June.

Apply organic fertilizers, even though they increase the harvest twice, agronomists are not recommended because of the risk of infection scab, or hit the larvae of the May beetle.Better use torfonavoznye composts.

as fertilizer for potatoes in the autumn recommend triple superphosphate (1 kg per one hundred square meters), and potassium sulfate (2 kg per sq.m.).

spring well to fertilize potatoes and urea nitrate (1 kg per one hundred square meters).You can also use complex fertilizers: nitrophoska 5 kg per one hundred square meters and NPK - 3 kg.

bone meal - a beautiful view of the fall fertilizer for potatoes, besides it improves the taste of the product.And in this time, it is useful to fertilize the land of superphosphate and Kemira potato, this versatile potato fertilizer.

from natural podpitok, ideal for potatoes, should be called wood ash.In addition to feeding, it is also a protection against many diseases and rotting.So it is better to start with ash and nitrophosphate, and then look at the results.Bust fertilizer is bad for the plants.

best potato varieties

For planting is best to take the high-quality tubers.They are more expensive than the randomly but guarantee good taste and healthy harvest.

at any dacha is always a maturing potato plants that can dig up from the middle of the summer.Among the early varieties can be distinguished, such as Timo, Ariel, The Lark, Bullfinch, Luck, as well as Middle-- Madam and prizewinner.

razvaristy once popular variety with white flesh Sineglazka has a low potential in Europe is considered to be feed.

For those who follow the health, can be recommended varieties like the Dutch Mona Lisa, Fresco Romano, German Arosa, Rosario, Feloks Finnish Timo Asterix.In these grades a lot of carotene, improves vision.

And, you can easily navigate to your taste.Scientists have found that in tasty varieties contain more amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids!

in the competition for the best taste of the championship held such varieties as Borodyansky pink, Bullfinch, Adretta, Aurora, The blue, Vesnianka, Tempe.

worth to highlight the variety of Zhukovsky.The potato belongs to the early varieties, growing well at low temperatures.It is resistant to many diseases, has a smooth rind, long shelf life, and tastes great.

Potatoes Bellarosa bred German breeders, recommended for cultivation in Eastern Europe.It is an early variety, you can dig up is already on the 45th day.It is very profitable: the yield of potatoes from 1 ha - 400 quintals!

Grade Bellarosa hardly susceptible to pests, not demanding to moisture, resistant to drought, grows in any soil except heavy clay, bezutraten during storage (93%).It has large smooth tubers, good taste and high friability.

How to store potatoes

When storing potatoes is very important not to allow the tubers to rot or begin to sprout.Therefore, it is better to store in a cool, dry place that is well ventilated while.

especially have to be careful in spring, when the tubers lose their mass, deteriorating their appearance and reducing the amount of vitamins.During this period of the potatoes necessary to monitor and check regularly for damage.

potato storage process can be divided into 3 stages.

1. For two weeks, soak in storage at + 15 ° t î.This results in the healing of tubers, and are partly out moisture.
2. Until the end of the winter potatoes like "sleeping" t î best storage - from 3 to 5 ° C.
3. With the onset of spring the tubers begin to prepare for germination.At this time, the storage temperature can be increased by several degrees.

Potatoes - breadwinner

There are a number of steps that can not be eliminated by growing potato.The business plan for its production in a small area (approximately 0.3 ha) for its management and sales in the market requires several steps.

First you need to prepare material for planting.Then it is necessary to carry out the necessary preparatory work with the soil, and only then you can go to planting potatoes.

Then follow the steps hilling and fertilizers.It should also be concerned about the protection from diseases and pests.Harvesting - also a difficult stage of the work, after the last two steps are: packaging and storage software.

To do this you must have at least a minimal equipment.By minimizing relates primarily mini-tractor.The kit should definitely go and Ridger plow.Of course, should the tractor trailer body.Do not forget to buy a device for digging.It must be attached to tractors.

good idea to consider another interesting detail: the washed, dried and carefully packed potatoes sold on the market about two times more expensive than dirty, hastily loaded in the usual gray and unattractive bags.

With this in mind, you can seriously increase their income, not only due to the commodity packing their own potatoes.It is possible to organize the packaging beautifully prepared potatoes and other manufacturers.You can, in principle, to build this business.