the middle of the twentieth century, humanity fell into the "trap of nuclear."Unlike all other types of weapons, the simple quantitative and qualitative superiority even WMD units of any of the parties does not guarantee victory.The fact of the massed use of one of the countries nuclear weapons could lead to the death of almost all mankind.Since the seventies strategic parity is a guarantee of peace, but weapons of mass destruction remains a tool of political pressure.
first strike or a guaranteed return?
very presence and the number of charges in the current period has been playing a secondary role.Current task now is either attacking with impunity, or to be sure that the wages aggressor.If the deployment of the US global missile defense system is intended to carry out an offensive doctrine, the creation of weapons of retaliation - a priority direction of development of the Russian strategic forces.Currently, the foundation of the Strategic Missile Forces are the carriers "Voivod" (aka "Satan"), which intercept any missile defense system is not able to.We produce these ICBM in the Soviet city of Dnepropetrovsk, even then, after the Soviet collapse has become Ukrainian.
complexes with all their merits age, like any technology.Until recently, military analysts speculated that their life will last until 2022, but the political realities of quite specific maintenance issues dictate decrease their remaining write-off time.The more urgent becomes the task of adopting a new strategic media "Sarmat".The missile should change in 2018 standing on combat duty in the mines "Governors."
balance of forces
Currently, nuclear weapons all countries are distributed as follows: approximately 45% of all spetsboepripasov falls on the United States and the Russian Federation.The number of charges is known, and according to the START-3 is approximately 1550 pieces of sea and land-based aircraft, plus 700 vehicles.
the number of carriers picture is somewhat different.Americans are more (794 vs. 528 Russian).It does not speak about any benefits of a potential enemy, and shows that the US has more than one-piece systems.
So, 90% of all nuclear (hydrogen, neutron) are charges of armed Russian and American armies.The remaining 10% is owned by Britain, China, France and other countries of the "nuclear club."Assessing the state which side to take in the event of a global conflict, it is difficult.It is possible that many of them (non-NATO) prefer neutrality.
New "Satan"?
ballistic missile "Sarmat" to the end of the second decade of the XXI century, will replace "voivode" - "Satan" to perform tasks guarantor retaliation.In Soviet times, the number of RS-20V exceeded three hundred, now there are 52. In each set of ten warheads, for a total of 520 warheads (750 kilotons of TNT equivalent) - it's almost a third of the land and sea of the strategic defense capabilities.Weight "Governors" - more than two hundred tons.Russia's nuclear potential is updated in 2015, the Strategic Missile Forces will have fifty new systems of other types, but they have to perform other tasks.It is basically a mobile installation on duty in the operational areas.
«Satan» terrible his two important features: the ability to pass boundaries of missile defense and a huge destructive force.Each carrier is able to transform into a radioactive desert industrial district or city with the surrounding area.Heavy rocket "Sarmat" to replace the world's most powerful media around the time it reaches the ripe old age of thirty for ICBMs.
The main difference between the new rocket
Design, development work and construction of a new weapon entrusted the State Rocket Center Makeyev, located in Miass (Chelyabinsk region).Designers were not limited to the modernization of already well-established, "Satan" and immediately chose to pioneer a bumpy ride.The task was to create a more compact and lightweight design.That is thought of "Sarmat" - a rocket, the characteristics of which had to exceed the parameters of the previously stood in service of our Strategic Missile Forces.The main parameter of any ballistic missile - power-that is, the ratio of weight to power, sets it in motion.It is in this area, and scheduled break.210-tonne "Satan" - heavy missiles."Sarmat" weighs half as much.
Liquid fuels
Most of the mass of the rocket falls on fuel which is in stages.All strategic carriers conventionally divided into three main categories:
- light, weighing up to 50 tons;
- average, weighing from 51 to 100 tons;
- heavy, weighing up to 200 tons, large yet.
This gradation caused and range: the more fuel, the longer the range.For example, US "Minutemen" have a mass of 35 tonnes, and belong to the class of the lungs.Lightweight - the great advantage of such rockets require less volume of mines, they are easier to transport and conceal.But almost all of them are solid.And it gives a lot of advantages: the shelf life is considerably increased, without using toxic components, less maintenance.But the trouble is that the energy saturation of the solid fuel is lower than the liquid.So, "Sarmat" - the rocket with liquid fuel.More about the power plant is not yet known nothing, except that it has no power available in the world equal.
Tests
Construction of a new technical sample is always risky, but it is justified by the high effect in case of success.
Work on the project began in 2009.After two years of research for CB started testing.
Early autumn 2011 the vicinity of Kapustin Yar cosmodrome shuddered from a powerful explosion."Sarmat", the rocket on which great hopes, fell to the ground a few minutes after the start.Subsequent launches also failed.
Only a year later the launch was a success.The basic parameters have been refined ballistics.Tests have shown that liquid rocket "Sarmat" may cover more than 11 thous. Km, with the fighting compartment to carry weight of 4350 kg.In May 2014 Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov announced that all work on the creation of a new strategic planning are complex, without lagging behind schedule.According to him, the new missile "Sarmat" has no limitation in the direction of combat use, can hit targets along a trajectory passing through both poles of the planet.And this is very important as NATO defense systems are not designed for such versatility.
Warhead
energomassovymi Unique performance advantages are not limited to, possessed by "Sarmat".Booster - is, of course, a very important element of the structure, but not less important warhead containing ten parts of individual guidance.And he, apparently, is also unique.The fact that each of the warheads combines qualities of two different types of weapons: it behaves and how to cruise and how hypersonic missile.Each of these species has so far been clearly defined range of tasks.Until now, cruise missiles with flat trajectory did not fly very fast.
Winged hypersonic blocks
Properties warheads seem contradictory.The fact that the conventional cruise missile to the target creeps at a relatively low speed.Using terrain, hiding behind its unevenness, it has to be a low-speed to the electronic "brain" time to assess the obstacles and devise solutions for their overflight.For example, the CD American "Tomahawk" moves with the speed of conventional passenger liner (less than 900 km / h).
In addition, cruise missiles, as another aircraft, there is a mass, and hence the inertia, and control the impact of aircraft rudders have to be proactive.So act and blocks IDB "Sarmat".The missile, whose characteristics are close to hypersonic, after separation maintains flat trajectory, making it impossible to intercept.
unpredictability
All the advantages of a unique system of management of individual warheads multiple warheads will be useless if the enemy can destroy ICBMs until its release on the combat course.Intercontinental ballistic missile "Sarmat" flies, but her trajectory can at any time to get off the usual predictable arc - parabola.Additional thrusters change the height, direction, speed, and then determines the new board TSEVM flight parameters to enter the goal.Such unpredictability is typical of other types of modern Russian carriers of nuclear warheads, it has become their "card", an asymmetrical response to attempts by Western "friends" to ensure their own invulnerability and, as a consequence, the right to a first strike.
Invulnerability on the ground
most desirable situation for the aggressor, conceived to deal with impunity massive nuclear strike, it is one in which the enemy is deprived of the opportunity to respond in the initial phase of the war.This means that the launchers, submarines, aircraft carriers and surface must be neutralized (killed) by the first volley.However, this desire has a very low probability of occurrence for many years.Mines, which is supposed to place "Sarmat", has a multi-level degree of protection as the active (in the form of anti-missile systems and air defense) and passive (high level of security fortifications).To ensure the defeat of the underground launcher with high accuracy is required to put at least seven nuclear strikes on the operational deployment area covered with an effective means of missile defense.In addition, their bases are kept secret.State secrets and the missile itself is "Sarmat", a photo of which is almost not published, except not very clear surveys made during the trial run.Published only information intended for the media and military analysts.
Mysterious "Sarmat»
veil of mystery covers everything connected with the creation of this complex.This is the case when it is not every taxpayer will soon find out what they are earmarked funds.Only scant posts news channels on the successful start-up and clear sky above provide evidence that the public money spent in vain.
In fact, the "Sarmat" is now very little is known.It is this class of carriers of nuclear weapons will, most likely, in the interaction with mobile systems, sea and air bases to serve as the main board of the country.Published only a few isolated data that represents the missile "Sarmat".TTC also provides approximately: reach more than 11 thous. Km, but it is possible to defeat the purposes over the South Pole.
