Siberia - it is a huge picturesque area, which occupies more than 60% of the area of the whole of Russia.It lies in the three climatic zones (temperate, subarctic and arctic), so the natural conditions and the weather are markedly different in different regions of the Federation.This article describes only a general information and features of the climate of the region.
climate of Western Siberia
Western Siberia stretches from the Urals to the Yenisey River.More than half of its territory is occupied by the West Siberian Plain.The climate in this area is continental.
The climate indicators are formed from weather conditions all subjects of the Russian Federation located in this part of Siberia.Fully open spaces of Western Siberia lie Urals, Omsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions and the Altai Territory and the Republic of Khakassia.Part of this includes Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and Orenburg regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous and YaNAO.
Precipitation, wind
climate of Siberia in its western part is not affected by Atlantic air masses, as the area is well protected Ural Mountains.
From April to September in Western Siberia prevailing winds brought by the part of the Arctic Ocean and the east.In the form of cyclones and anticyclones Arctic air masses are coming, bringing with it cool.
from the south and south-west winds blow dry Asia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan) and in cold weather to deliver a clear and frosty weather.
weather in Siberia is stable, so the average annual rainfall is rarely changed in one direction or another.The annual precipitation is about 300-600 mm of atmospheric moisture, with most of the falls on the summer and autumn.It meteoosadki as rain.Snow falls is about 100 mm in almost the whole of western Siberia.Of course, this average.For example, in the autonomous regions the snow cover reaches 60-80 cm. By comparison, in the Omsk region, this mark is barely 40 cm.
temperature regime
The climate of Siberia in its western part is that most of the territoriesthere covered with swamps.They have a tremendous impact on the temperature conditions, humidity, which entails a reduction in the influence of continental climate.
winter in the north of Western Siberia lasts about nine months, in the center - about seven.South lucky a little more, there are climatic winter reigns for five months.These estimates are directly related to the average air temperature in each region.Thus, the southern part of Western Siberia has average winter temperature at -16 ° C, and the north - to -30 ° C.
Summer is also not pleased with these regions as the average temperatures range from + 1 ° C (in the north) to + 20 ° C (in the south).
lowest mark on the thermometer was fixed at -62 ° C in the valley of the river Vah.
climate of Eastern Siberia
located in the territory of the Yenisei to the Pacific Dividing Range.The climate of Eastern Siberia are determined by its position in the temperate and cold zone.That is why it can be described as harsh and dry.In contrast, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia type of climate is sharply continental.
great importance for the environmental conditions is the fact that East Siberia is mainly in the high and mountainous areas.There are no swamps and lowlands are rare in nature.
The following regions are on its open spaces: the Trans-Baikal and Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Yakutia, Tuva, Buryatia and Irkutsk region.Siberia (Russia) in this part of his rather harsh, even unpredictable.
Precipitation, wind
in winter in Eastern Siberia dominates the southern direction of the wind, bringing with anticyclones from Asia.The result is the establishment of clear and cold weather.
spring and summer, the dry air is also dominated by Asian in Eastern Siberia, but despite this, southerly winds often replace air masses from the east, who are sea winds of the Pacific Ocean.A cold Arctic air is delivered to the north here.
Weather in Siberia decreed that rainfall on the area of Eastern Siberia are unevenly distributed.The smallest number of them in Yakutia: just 250-300 mm per year, almost all the expanses of the country.Krasnoyarsk region is a kind of record.It accounts for the greatest amount of precipitation ranging from 600-800 mm (west) to 400-500 mm (east).In the rest of Eastern Siberia, the annual amount of the precipitated water is 300-500 mm.
temperature regime
extreme cold in Eastern Siberia are the winter months.The amplitude of the temperature changes dramatically depending on the transition of the continental climate in the west in sharply continental climate of Siberia in the east.If the south of Krasnoyarsk region the average temperature of the second month of winter is about -18 ° C, then to the north, it is reduced to -28 ° C, and not far from the city of Tours, and did reach -36 ° C.
Northwest Eastern Siberia has an average January temperature is about -30 ° C, and on the road to Norilsk and further east it drops to -38 ° C.North Yakutia, where the average temperature is extremely low, -50 ° C, was the champion in 1916, when the thermometer showed -82 ° C.
In the south and south-west of cold noticeably weakened.In the Yakutsk is almost imperceptible, but in the Trans-Baikal region and Buryatia, the average January temperature is raised to -24 ...- 28 ° C.
average temperature of the warmest month of the year varies from one ... + 7 ° C in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Yakutia to +8 ... +14 ° C in the central part and up to 15 ... 18 °C in the south.Zone of mountain ranges and hills, typical for regions such as Irkutsk region, Buryatia, Chita Region, causes uneven heat distribution.So there are significant differences in the mean monthly temperatures, the spring-summer period.On average, in July the thermometer stops at the level of 13 to + 17 ° C.But in some places the temperature range may be much greater.
Siberia (Russia) in its eastern part is characterized by a cold climate.Winter lasts from 5-6 months (the lake area) to 7-8 months (the center of Yakutia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory).In the far north of the summer it is almost impossible to wait, because the winter reigns there for about 11 months.In the central and southern part of Eastern Siberia warm season (including spring and fall) lasts from 1.5-2 to 4 months.
climate of the northern regions of Siberia
Northern areas are located in the zone of arctic and subarctic zones.The territory of the arctic desert - a solid impassable glaciers and snow.There can not be found almost no vegetation.The only oasis in this icy realm of mosses and lichens are able to withstand low temperature fluctuations.
The climate in this part of Siberia has a great influence albedo.From the surface of the snow and the ice edge is constantly reflected sunlight t. E. Heat is repelled.
Despite the fact that the average amount of annual rainfall sparse (about 400 mm), the soil is saturated with moisture, and the snow is very deep and freezes.
harsh Arctic climate exacerbate the terrible hurricanes and storms that sweep at high speed across the territory and leave a trail of giant snow drifts.
also in this part of Siberia is characterized by frequent fog in the summer, as the water is evaporated from the surface of the ocean.
Over the summer, the ground does not have time to warm up, and the snow is melting very slowly, because the average temperature ranges from 0 to + 3 ° C.
Here you can see the unusual natural phenomena such as the polar night and northern lights.
Permafrost
Surprisingly, over 60% of Russia takes the permafrost.This is mainly an area of Eastern Siberia and Baikal.
Permafrost is characterized by the fact that the ground never thaws completely.In some places, it is frozen for a thousand meters down.In Yakutia it recorded record of the depth of the permafrost - 1370 meters.
In Russia there is the Museum of permafrost with its own dungeon, where you can see this amazing phenomenon.
climate of southern Siberia
mountainous terrain, located in southern Siberia, was the cause of climate contrast.
Continentality increases to the east, where the slopes of abundant precipitation.It is because they are so common many snow and glaciers of the Western Altai.
the winter climate in this part of Siberia is characterized by cloudless, sunny weather with low temperatures.Summer is always cool and short, only in the intermountain basins it is dry and hot (the average temperature in July - about + 20 ° C).
very interesting to answer the question of how the oceans affect the climate of southern Siberia.Despite the fact that Russia has no direct contact with the Atlantic Ocean, it was he who has the greatest impact on the climate of the country.Southern Siberia, he bears heavy snowfall and at the same time a decrease of frost and thaw.
Climate Siberian part of Russia is quite severe, but this fact does not prevent her to be the heart of our country.
