Zoology - the study of animals, which has been studying at the corresponding kind (Animalia).This includes all types of organisms eating food with protein, carbohydrates and fats.These species differ from plant because they are constantly needed to synthesize life organic substances from certain sources.Many representatives of the animals are able to move independently.Mushrooms always considered plants.However, they note that they have the ability to absorb organic substances from external sources.Also there are organisms which synthesize starch inorganic molecules.Thus they do not have the ability to move.In other words, it is impossible to give a general concept and highlight alternative criteria between animals and plants, as they do not exist.
categorization
In this case, there is a division in the set of directions that are differentiated depending on which object is investigated and what problems are studied.Zoology - the science, which is divided into two main areas.Namely study invertebrates and vertebrates.Also in these areas may include such disciplines:
- Protistology.In this case, a simple study.
- Ichthyology - the study of fish.
- Helminthology - the study of parasitic worms.
- Malacology - the study of mollusks.
- acarologists - the study of ticks.
- Entomology - the study of insects.
- carcinology - the study of crustacean organisms.
- Herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians.
- Ornithology - the study of birds.
- Theriology - the study of mammals.
zoology How important for mankind?
consider this item in detail.Quite have this kind of history of science.Zoology animals has always played an important role in human life.Looking at these individuals, their behavior, skills, ancient people better understand the environment.After all, mankind had to learn on their own to hunt for birds and animals, how and where to fish, how to protect themselves from predators.And all of these skills could learn from animals.Zoology - the science that has ancient roots and interesting rich history.
the first time in the IV century BCabout this science has learned from the books of the great scientist - Aristotle.It is a significant fact.In his book he describes the origin of about 500 species of different animals.Some of them had red blood, and some were even without it.Also in the works of this scientist was stated value of each animal species, as well as their development and structure.This was a detailed description of this encyclopedia.
In the Middle Ages continued to develop this science story.Zoology every year moved a step forward.Some important information about the animal, which was known in ancient times, have been forgotten.The researchers focused their attention on breeding, hunting and animal welfare.Lost interest increased again only in the Renaissance.While paid attention to navigation and trade.Due to the numerous expeditions have been carried out aimed at studying new species of plants and animals, of which nothing was known earlier.
Linnaeus also played an important role in the development of zoology.It was he classified the animal world and given the scientific name for each determination in it.
However, this does not end the history of the development of this science.Zoology significantly improved in the second half of the XIX century.It is, after Charles Darwin published a book on "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection."In his work he proved a definite fact.It is that the environment is altered due to natural selection.That is, new individuals carried the struggle for existence and survival, and only the strongest remain.With this basis zoology - the science of animal - began to evolve rapidly.The progress will be known in the taxonomy.There will be a description of new species.
also about the history of the formation of Zoology will be known after the Russian expeditions to the east and north of Siberia.They were carried out by AF Middendorf, NMPrzhevalsky, Semenov-Tyan-Shan.There were also conducted scientific expeditions to Central Asia on embryology Mechnikov and Kovalevsky and in paleontology - O. Kovalevsky, in physiology - Sechenov and Pavlov.
Zoology today
This could include the totality of the sciences of the animal world.This takes into account a certain direction.Namely:
- Zoology person.
- Paleontology - the study of fossils and animals in the transformation process of evolution.
- Physiology - the study of functions of cells and the organism as a whole.
- most important link in zoology - ecology.It is dedicated to the relationship between wildlife and other organisms are.It examines their impact on the world around us, that is their relationship with the environment.
As mentioned earlier, zoology studies of birds, mammals and insects.For easier perception of this science was divided into specific sections.This will be explained later.
Main sections of Zoology
These include:
- animal taxonomy. This definition of science.It explores the animals.There is carried out the division into classes, the construction of the hierarchy.Also, this section provides an explanation of how and why did the animal world, and so on.
- morphology of animals. It is a science that studies the structure of the animal.
- Animal Ecology.There observations on habitat and determining the relationship with her animals.
- comparative or evolutionary morphology. It is a science that explains the origin of different types of animals.It also helps to explain the relative evolution.
- ethology.There conducted to study the behavior of animals in the course of evolution.
- zoogeography.This science watching habitat, studying the structure of animals existing in the different environments.
- paleozoology .There is carried out a study of prehistoric animals.This section is similar to the science that studies the evolution of animals.
- Physiology .In this section, the study carried out various functions of the animal.
In general zoology - a science that is directly related to other disciplines and areas.For example, it has a very close relationship with medicine.
varied world of animals
It is very large and multifaceted.Animals live everywhere - in the fields, steppes and forests, air, seas, oceans, lakes and rivers.
In our world, there are such individuals as parasites who have chosen their habitat an animal or human.Specimens of this type can be seen on the plants.For example, it is a caterpillar, aphids and mites.
value animals
There are many individuals that benefit not only nature but also man.For example, it is the bees, beetles, flies and butterflies.They pollinate a lot of flowers and plants.Also important in nature and poultry.They carry seeds over long distances.
There are animals that are harmful to plants, destroy crops.However, this does not prove that their existence is meaningless.They may be the main link in the chain of supply of various individuals.This all leads to something which has a value of zoology.Zoology in this direction is essential science.
domestic and wild animals
For each person it is important to get protein and carbohydrates from the meat.Previously, there were no shops and supermarkets, the product is obtained through hunting.Then people learned to fish and acquired skills in her breeding.
also mankind learned to domesticate wild animals and use it for their own purposes.His breeding made it possible to obtain products such as meat, milk, eggs, etc.Through animals, people learned to produce wool, feathers and skin, and used it for their needs.
About 10 thousand. Years ago man first domesticated the wild wolf.These were the earliest ancestors of dogs.Now, however, these animals are the most faithful and loyal friends of people.
But livestock operations began with the domestication of horses.They are indispensable in the household.
differences and similarities of animals
all individuals of this type to distinguish between the type, structure, respiration, reproduction, development, and so on.Animals from different plants so that they do not have a solid cellulose casing.They eat ready-made organic substances.For animals characterized by active movement.As a result, they can search for their own food.
Conclusion All of the above indicates that the diversity is what this definition.Zoology plays an important role in the life of every creature on the planet.This was described above.Everything is interconnected in this world.A zoology - it is life itself.
