One of the great chemical discoveries was undoubtedly the periodic system and the law.That it will streamline known at the time elements, lead in all the knowledge and understanding patterns of change in the developing properties.
When it was created by Mendeleev, was known to all 63 species of atom.Today, there are already 118, and each has its place, has a number of features and specifications.Of course, your name.Many chemical elements are named for scientists, countries, cities, planets, and so on, it is very important in the life of living beings.
structure of the periodic system
There are different versions of these tables:
- long-period;
- short-period;
- extra long.
total, there are over a hundred different variants of graphical display periodically depending atoms.And until now, scientists suggest new ways.
most commonly used long-period and short-period version of the table.Each particle has a chemical cell, which reflects the basic information about it.So, you can see a brief electron configuration of the outer shell of the atom, a serial number, atomic weight (average value among all kinds of isotopes) and, of course, the name.In our country - in Russian, others - in their own language.As it is formed and what determines a particular name of an atom?
Many chemical elements are named after scientists a part - in honor of the cities and countries, geographical features, some more - in honor of the mythical heroes, gods, the objects of the cosmos.Many are the names of simple substances formed by them or color that gives substance at spectrometric analysis.
properties of chemical elements
very interesting that all the cells of the table contain information not only about a particular structural unit, but also about its properties.Looking at the position in the periodic system, it can be called and oxidation, to predict physical and chemical properties that define the activity and the nature of the compounds.
total there are several properties characteristic of atoms and simple and complex substances:
- oxidation;
- recovery;
- acid;
- basic;
- amphoteric;
- metal;
- metallic.
only by the way in which the cell is a particle, it is possible to classify all the listed properties.However, not only is it important and interesting.Very unusual is sometimes the name of the element, and speaking about the properties and its compounds, and discoverers.
Education names
As mentioned above, many chemical elements named after the scientists and the countries, cities and other planets, are very important to living things as part of their body.This also applies to humans.
example, carbon and hydrogen.The name speaks for itself: "giving birth to coal" and "giving birth to water," respectively.A body without any of these structures?None of the living, because carbon - the basis of organic compounds, and hence proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and other vital substances.
What life is impossible without water, everyone knows first-grader.Properties of chemical elements are also often reflected in the title.For example, oxygen - "giving birth to acid."Hence, the element will have oxidizing properties.
or nitrogen - "lifeless" in Latin.Why is that?This gas does not support life on Earth in its atmosphere beings threatened with destruction.And such examples can cause a lot of 118.
elements named after scientists
What chemical elements are named after scientists?Those who want to give to your or any other honor of their discoverer.After all, he has the right to give the name.Pleasant enough prerogative.
Formula chemical elements are formed by their Latin names, and the names themselves - on the willingness of people-scientists.For example, many people wanted to immortalize the names of the great Russian and foreign chemists in the names of atoms.And they succeeded.Consider the basic examples illustrating what chemical elements are named after scientists.
- Samarium - Sm.Formed by mineral samarsita.A rock itself - in honor of the great Russian military man, Colonel Samara.A great contribution this man has made to the development of the miners' case, since he was an inspector of mines and mines.
- Gadolinium - Gd.It got its name from the Finnish chemist Johan gadolinium, which in its time was discovered the element yttrium.
- Einstein - Es, has the same designation as the other chemical elements of the formula: from the Latin writing the names of the great Albert Einstein.
- Fermium - Fm.He received the name in honor of the great scientist, the founder of nuclear and neutron physics Enrico Fermi.Nominated for the Nobel Prize endless research and achievements.
- Mendelevium - Md.This element perpetuated the already well-known all over the world the name of Dmitri Mendeleev.
- Nobel - No.I get the name of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, inventor, discoverer of dynamite.He is the author of the Nobel Prize for achievements in science.His wealth bequeathed to the payment of a talented scientist.
- Lawrencium - Lr.Is a tribute to Ernest Lawrence, one of the creators of the atomic bomb, a brilliant scientist who has made a great contribution to the development of physics, especially its nuclear section.
- Kurchatov - Ku.Named in honor of Igor Kurchatov, the brilliant Soviet scientist, the founder of our Russian atomic bomb.
- nielsbohrium - Ns.Thanks to Niels Bohr, one of the founders of quantum mechanics and modern physics.
It's almost all chemical elements named after scientists.The list does not include only one element, which is discussed below.
women scientists and chemistry
There are chemicals, named in honor of women scientists.But while this is unfortunately the only one.And women chemists bit.It curium - Km.He was named in honor of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, who together with her husband Pierre, physicist, made the discovery of radiation and many studies conducted on this basis.The couple were awarded the Nobel Prize for his services.
- Opening element polonium - Po.
- discovery and study of the piezoelectric effect.
- discovery of the elements radium - Ra.
Thus, we examined the entire list, in which chemical elements are named after scientists.While there are only 10 of the 118 known, but time does not stand still.Scientists conducting ongoing research isotopes, nuclear reactions are carried out and synthesized new compounds and elements.Therefore, it is possible that this list has replenished with great names.
names of countries and cities in the elements
addition to what is called the chemical elements in honor of scientists, there are a number of options for their designation.For example, many immortalized a city and country.
- Magnesium - Mg.On the Aegean coast is the city of Magnesia.It was he who became the inspiration for the name of the item.
- Scandium - Sc.Immortalized Scandinavia, which reflects both the Latin and Russian name.
- Copper - Cu.In Latin pronounced cuprum, hence the explanation of the name: in honor of the island of Cyprus.
- Gallium - Ga.In honor of the country of France, as its Latin name "gallium".
- Germanium - Ge.Obviously, it named after the country of Germany.
- Strontium - Sr.Not only the country and the city, but the village is awarded the honor of being immortalized in the name of the chemical element.It named after the village in Scotland Stronshian.
- Yttrium - after the village Ytterby in Sweden.
- Ruthenium - Ru.Russia - a symbol of the element.
- Europium - Eu.In honor of the whole of Europe.
- Lu - Lu.In Latin, "lutetium" - this is Paris, so in honor of this beautiful city and named the element.
- Hafnium - Hf.In honor of Copenhagen, which is in Latin, it sounds like "hafniya."
- Polonium - Po.In honor of Poland.
- Americium - Am.In honor of America.
- Californias - Cf.In honor of the American state of California.
- Frances - Fr.In honor of the country of France.
Thus, 15 elements and glorify their names stored in the memory of the great cities and countries of our Earth.
names of the planets in the elements
Cosmos always dominates the minds and forced to wonder and to think that he is.He was credited with many magical properties.His name became objects for existing chemicals.Examples of such atoms:
- neptunium;
- plutonium;
- uranium;
- tellurium;
- selenium;
- helium.
thus reflected in the names of the sun, moon, Earth and other planets.
Mythology in the names
Many elements are named after mythical heroes, gods, creatures.Examples include:
- titanium (in honor of the Titans-children);
- cobalt and nickel (in honor of evil spirits);
- vanadium (goddess Vanadis);
- niobium (Princess Niobe);
- promethium (in honor of Prometheus);
- tantalum (the mythical King Tantalus);
- thorium (god Thor).
mythical stories, legends always passed on from mouth to mouth.Now many of them will not be forgotten, as their heroes reflected in the names of the chemical elements.
color palette names
atoms also are named for the color of the visible spectrum at spectrometric or chromatographic analysis of the composition of its simple substance.For example, phosphorus was named for its ability to "light wear", that is lit with white light.also some other:
- sulfur - "yellow";
- chlorine - "green";
- rubidium - "dark red";
- indium - "Indigo", a beautiful bright blue;
- tin - "white";
- antimony - "black" hair dye;
- iodine - "purple";
- cesium - "a grayish-blue";
- praseodymium - "green twin";
- thallium - "green line, escape";
- gold - "shine".
obvious that every atom has its own history of origin of the name, but they are interesting, beautiful, reflect the essence of the atom or its discoverer.
