Yaroslavl is one of the most interesting cities in Russia.Today we will tell you exactly about him.The history of the city of Yaroslavl is closely intertwined with the history of the Russian state, the rich culture of our country.The map below in red marked Yaroslavl region.
cultural and historical significance of the city
At the confluence of the Volga and Kotorosl back in the 11th century fortress was built, which was to protect the approaches to Rostov Veliky.Witnesses brutal battles and dedicated Russian soldiers to the Horde invaders steel wall Spassky Monastery.The city came together for the liberation of Moscow militia Minin and Pozharsky.Here in Yaroslavl, it was discovered by one of the lists "Lay," the pearl of the literature of ancient Russia.The name of this great city on the Volga, also related to many biographical facts from the life of the great figures of our country's culture: FGVolkov, director, actor and playwright, NANekrasov, a poet dear to the Russian heart, LNTrefoleva poet Democrat AMOpekushin, sculptor LVSobinov, singer AISavrasov, artist.Let us look into the past of our country, where with a lot of legends and folk tales coexist chronicles evidence.
How did Yaroslavl?
history of the city of Yaroslavl has its roots in antiquity.The city begins with the place that is called to this day the arrow.In Russian toponymy common the word.So called long braid, cape at the confluence of two rivers.It was here, on the confluence formed the Volga River Kotorosl direction and Kotorosl on the sleeve, which runs along the bottom of the ravine Medveditsa arose the first settlement of local residents.
on the arrow in the excavations were discovered traces Merya village, which begins with the history of the city of Yaroslavl.One of the legends about how there was this city resonates with the data collected by archaeologists.It is called "The Legend of the construction of the city of Yaroslavl."This tradition came to us in the writings of Samuel Mislavskiy, Archbishop of Rostov.
This is the story of the city of Yaroslavl, rather its prehistory.About how it was founded, read below.
ancient legend about the bear
history of the coat of arms of the city of Yaroslavl next.It depicts a bear.This master of forests is one of the main actors in the ancient legend of how the city originated.The history of the city of Yaroslavl is closely connected with these animals.In the "Legend ..." You can read that when, after the establishment of a tribute to the inhabitants Bear corner of Yaroslav the Wise came back to these places from Rostov, the residents let loose on him, "and the dogs is cruel beast."But the prince defeated the beast.Local residents were frightened forces of Yaroslav the Wise, and fell down before him prostrate.This story is especially fond of listening to children when they are telling about how arose Yaroslavl.A brief history of the city for children must include this legend.
As we know, many nations, who had the cult of the bear, there was a kind of taboo - the prohibition to be named.Bear always talked about "the old man", "beast", "boss".Echoes of this phenomenon still occur today, of course, only in the form of folk traditions.
Ugol and the emergence of Yaroslavl
On Yaroslavschiny information about the cult of the beast we are also in the ethnographic, archaeological material.Let us recall the Bear River (which is the left tributary of the Volga) and fort located here, called "the city of the bear."Horror gripped at the death of the holy animal inhabitants Bear corner, was truly great.
in one form or another tale about the act of Yaroslav the Wise was common, apparently in antiquity.That's how our ancestors imagined something with which began the history of the city.
Yaroslavl ... Summary legends of this city, founded by Yaroslav the Wise, transmitted from parents to children.It is reflected in the ancient coat of arms of the city, the earliest image which refers to the 17 th century.Prince Yaroslav, of course, was not content with only a victory over the bear, a symbol of independence of this place.In order to gain a foothold in an important waterway from Rostov, he founded the city on a modern spit, resembling in terms of an equilateral triangle.Such is the history of education of the city of Yaroslavl.
versions on the basis of Yaroslavl
When was this momentous event?This is perhaps one of the most controversial and complex issues that have marked the history of the city of Yaroslavl.Most often, the foundation of the city is associated with the events of 1024.Yaroslav the Wise, who was embroiled in a feud with his brother Mstislav the south, was forced to do chores earth Suzdal.It was the beginning of further developments as a result of which the city was founded.
There is also another point of view about how to begin the history of the city of Yaroslavl.Briefly describe its essence.Yaroslavl, according to some researchers, was to be founded by Prince no later than 1010.According to this version, the legend relates events in Bear corner, the time when Prince Yaroslav was Rostov.The base of the fortress at the Kotorosl, navigable river, could be dictated by consolidation in the Rostov land of princely power.
first mention of the city in the chronicles
K 1071 is the first mention in the annals of the city such as Yaroslavl.A brief history of the city for children or adults must include a story that on the banks of the Volga River (Northeast Russia) at the time the rebellion of serfs led the wise men.In the annals can find a detailed record of how were local peasants, which led the "two wise men from Yaroslavl."Princely suppressed the rebellion.
origin of the name "Yaroslavl"
We see that the relationship of the city with the name of its founder, Yaroslav the Wise, is obvious.Subsequently, this figure became a great prince of Kiev.Pretty simple structure name.Even a child can be explained, which means "Yaroslavl".The history of the city for children (summary of the article can be his foundation) must be told in plain language, but at the same time exciting.Without going into the linguistic analysis, the child can simply announce that "Yaroslavl" means "city of Yaroslav".
Chopped city
In the 13th century history of the city of Yaroslavl, as summarized in this article, was marked by another important event.Prince Konstantin Vsevolodovich in 1215 laid the "house" on the spit - the prince's court, and the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin, the first stone church.In the town there was one of the oldest monasteries in the North-Eastern Russia - Transfiguration of the Savior (also called simply Spassky).Yaroslavl originally represented, like most of the other cities of ancient Russia, chopped wooden fortress.Therefore, on the Spit is the oldest part of it was known for a long time Chopped city.
Now this ancient poetic name resembles the name built in 1695 the church - Nicholas Chopped city, or - the church of St. Nicholas Rubleny.It is believed by some researchers, the name "Chopped city" stuck relatively late because of opposition earthen city in the 16th century.In 1463 the Russian state came in Yaroslavl.The history of the city for children, a summary of which can be expanded by adding the interesting information in this article does not have to contain all the historical details.Suffice it to say that the continued economic development of the city and the growth of its territory began after the event.
Yaroslavl in the 16th century, surrounded by his townsmen deep outer moat and high earthen wall.The name "Earth City" comes from here.Here we can mention the existence of a parallel with Russia, where in ancient times, too, had earthen city.In the present Yaroslavl is also a Red Square photo is presented below.
administrative center of the city, notably, until the end of the 18th century was on the territory of Rubleny city.Then came the so-called regular plan of Yaroslavl, on which the center was moved to the area Elias (later renamed Soviet).
names of city streets
impossible not to notice one fact, describing the city of Yaroslavl.The story of its attractions - it's all very interesting.However, no less curious and very names associated with this place.As you know, Yaroslavl - one of the most ancient cities of Russia with a long history, natural features.But looking at the map of the city today, we do not meet a lot of imagery, ancient names.Street names are: Revolutionary, Soviet lane, Parliamentary, Day, Co-op, school and others. However, there are names associated with the history of this city: Mill Lane, City Val Nekrasov, Yamskaya, Suzdal, Sailor descent, and others.
Streetname Trefoleva Yaroslavl
tell us briefly about the same street, which can be found by visiting the city of Yaroslavl, history, landmarks and legends which we are interested.On the modern map is a street Trefoleva.Yaroslavl in its name perpetuated the memory of poet-democrat, who lived here - LNTrefoleve (1843-1905).He was also a good translator, historian and editor.Many of his poems became folk songs.This, for example, "The Song of Kamarinskaya man", "Dubinushka" and others.
Yaroslavl - city where was born Nekrasov
literary, poetic Yaroslavl - is primarily Nekrasov.In fact Yaroslavschiny - the birthplace of the great Russian poet.He was a three year old child was brought to the village Greshnevo (called today Nekrasovo), his father's family estate, located near Yaroslavl.Nekrasov at the age of 11 years enrolled in the local school.The child will certainly be interested to know that this great poet lived in a city such as Yaroslavl.History of city children for this reason should include brief biographical details of his life.
Therefore, in later years he did not lose touch with their homeland.He often came to Greshnevo for the summer, and in 1861 acquired the estate in the village Karabikha.In this estate, he annually for almost 14 years, he lived for several months and wrote his best works.The area is located in the village, linked to historical events.In the second quarter of the 15th century, during the civil war, it is here that the battle took place between Vasily the Dark, prince of Moscow, and Dmitry Shemyaka, Galician prince, for the great reign.In 1435 Shemyaka troops were defeated in the battle near Karabitovoy mountain (hill near Karabikha).
historical events related to the Holy Transfiguration Monastery
name of the city of Yaroslavl for the historians of literature, as well as for every Russian, connected with another fact.We mentioned at the outset, that the Transfiguration Monastery is one of the oldest in Russia.He is known to many of the events of Russian history.For example, there has been created a religious school, the first in the north-east of Russia, which had a large library at that time, consisting of thousands of manuscripts.Also, the walls of the Spassky Monastery in 1571 found shelter himself Ivan the Terrible, when the troops came to Moscow Devlet Giray, the Crimean Khan.In addition, the walls of the monastery were able to withstand the spring of 1609 heavy 23-day siege during the struggle with the Polish invaders.And in 1612, July 27, militia led by Minin and Pozharsky took away the decisive battle with the enemy entrenched in Moscow.
However, one fact of its history especially roads.The list of "Lay", the great monument of Old Russian literature is kept in the sacristy of the monastery.Count Musin-Pushkin in 1795 bought a number of valuable manuscripts in Joel Bykov, former Archimandrite.Collector found among them, and a list of "Words ...".
We have already talked about the library Theological School, located in the Spassky Monastery.And the library and the school itself in 1214 was transferred to Rostov.Its treasures, unfortunately, burned in a fire in the city.Perhaps that is stored in this library manuscript of "Words ...", which in the 16th century, was made a list, later acquired Musin-Pushkin.
AKSavrasov - another famous resident of Yaroslavl
lot of interesting facts from the biographies of Russian culture associated with the city of Yaroslavl.Not many may know that this is where AKSavrasov, a great artist, worked on his painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" (as well as on a variety of other products).He held in Yaroslavl, seemingly very little time - a few months of the winter and spring of 1870-1871.However, it is this period of creativity proved very fruitful for the artist.In Yaroslavl, they were written by such famous paintings as the "Tomb of the Volga", "spill over Yaroslavl Volga" "Volga".It was created as a few sketches of the famous "Rooks".One of the first was written on the then outskirts of the city, called the Martyr.Vladimir church served as a backdrop for the tree on which the rooks nest.
battle with the Tatars, which occurred on Mount Tugovaya
threat of invasion of the Horde has not bypassed and the Yaroslavl principality.The enemies burned the city, and Vsevolod, the first Yaroslavl Prince, was killed during a battle on the River City, which lost to Russian.But the city did not give up.Its inhabitants in 1257 revolted.Yaroslavl, according to legend, met for Kotorosl Tatar detachment.Here, under the leadership of Prince Constantine on a small hill, which was then the name Tugovaya mountains, there was a battle.Although local residents fought bravely, power, and this time proved to be unequal.Right on the battlefield, on Tugovaya mountain, Russian soldiers were buried.Popular rumor subsequently became associated with the name of the mountain battle.According to legend, the hill for a long time after the Battle of the women came to mourn the dead, "grieve" for them.Ostensibly this was the basis for the title.
However, these events can not be documented.Annals of the battle with the Tatars are silent, and the reign of Constantine in Yaroslavl can only be set indirectly.
Attractions Yaroslavl
The city wonderfully combines new and old, rich and poor, savage and spiritual.In Yaroslavl, you can find a variety of attractions.Often locals do not even know that their city is the certain domain, because they are really a lot.The main attractions are located in the center.They can be described for a long time.Only the embankments of the Kotorosl and Volga are worth!The combination of these rivers - a favorite place for walking tourists and locals.Yaroslavl also has many museums.Of great interest are Metropolitan Chamber, which represent icons from churches and monasteries in the city.Russian paintings stored in the Governor's house.And of course, as with any ancient Russian city, there are many churches: the Church of St. John the Baptist, the church of the Archangel Michael, the church of St. John Chrysostom and many others.
Such information about the history of the city of Yaroslavl and its attractions.This article has presented only the main points related to its past.Meanwhile, the history of the city of Yaroslavl is very interesting and ambiguous.Studying can be very long.The history of founding of the city of Yaroslavl leaves a lot of mysteries, over which today beat many scientists.
