In terms of syntax, sentence - this is one of the basic units of language.It is characterized by semantic and intonation completeness and always has a grammatical foundation.In Russian predicative base may consist of one or two key members.
notion compound offers
Types compound offers a visual examples are illustrative of the theoretical material in the "syntax" of the Russian language.
syntactic structure with a base consisting of subject and predicate, called the two-pronged.For example: I do not like a fatal outcome (VS Vysotsky).
proposals, which are based only contains one of the main members are called one-piece.Such phrases have complete sense and do not need the second main member.It so happens that its presence is simply not possible (in the impersonal sentences).The works of art are often used mononuclear offers examples from the literature: forehead fused glass window (Mayakovsky).There is no subject, but it is easy to recover, "I am." smallness dark (K.K.Sluchevsky).The proposal is not and can not be subject to.
Colloquially quite common simple mononuclear proposal.Examples of their use prove it: - Where to go?- To the cinema.
compound offers are divided into types:
1. denominative (with a basis of subject).
2. On the basis of the predicate:
- personal;
- impersonal.
often complex proposals may be mononuclear proposal.Examples: We will not assert that there is nothing more beautiful lake in the world: each of us, any and its sweet side (V.G.Rasputin).This design is a complex proposal includes three simple: 1 - definitely mononuclear-private, 2 - mononuclear impersonal, 3 - two-part.
necessary to study the types of compound offers examples, mainly represented in works of fiction.This will compile the most complete picture of these syntax.
proposals, to be in the nominative
demand fundamentals - only the subject.Different forms of expression: nouns in the nominative case: Spring and win (S.A.Vasilev).Or phrase (n. Nominative + n. Genitive): Days songs and colors (S.A.Vasilev).
denominative proposals can be of non-proliferation: North.Will.Hope (VS Vysotsky).And common: Land Without Borders (VS Vysotsky), are subject to supplement the definition.
definite personal syntax - a kind of personal
Personal mononuclear offers examples of use are given below, demonstrate the richness of the language and ways of expressing various shades of meaning.
mononuclear syntax in which the person has not formally expressed, but is easily restored, called personal.They can also be common and non-proliferation.In the role of a predicate - the personal verb (1, 2 persons), in the singular or plural, indicative or imperative.Such proposals pass of a specific person (the speaker or the interlocutor).In works of fiction writers often used the category of "mononuclear definite personal proposal", examples of poetry:
- Food (SAEsenin) (verb - a verb in the indicative mood 1l, singular).
- Farewell, the sea (Pushkin) (verb-predicate - in the imperative form 2 person singular)!
indefinite-personal
Commit actions performed vague entity (the subject).The predicate is a 3-person plural present or past tense in the indicative and conditional tense:
- But all three subsidiaries named witches (VS Vysotsky) (verb - a verb prosh.vr., MN.chisla wishing. hooded.).
- And let them say, let them say so, but - no, no one dies in vain (VS Vysotsky) (as a predicate - verb in the present tense, in the 3rd l. And plural).
- They took me to land in six acres not far from automobile (Sholokhov) (verb-predicate in the form of the subjunctive plural).
Features generalized personal proposals
This group compound offers some linguists (VV Babaytseva, AA chess and others.) Is not isolated to a separate species, asexpressions in predicates are identical-definite and indefinite-personal and only differ in meaning.They predicate has a generalized value.Such structures often used in proverbs and sayings: Do you like tops - like roots.Do not have a hundred rubles, and a hundred friends.Once he lied - ever became a liar.
In studying the topic "mononuclear private offer" examples of great importance, sincethey clearly help to define the type of syntax with one of the main members, and to distinguish them.
impersonal sentences
mononuclear impersonal offer (example: gets dark early. In my head noise. ) is different from the individual that it does not and can not be subject to.
predicate can be expressed in different ways:
- impersonal verbs: dark.I'm sick.
- finite verb, have passed in the impersonal form: in my side tunic.Away rattled.You are lucky!I can not sleep.
- predicative adverb (category status or impersonal-predicative words): was very quiet (Ivan Bunin). stuffy.Melancholy.
- infinitive: Do not cave in under the changing world (A.V.Makarevich).
- short-denial "no" and the negative particle "no»: The sky is clear.You have no conscience!
Types of predicate in one-compound offers
in Russian linguistics, the predicate is represented by three species:
- simple verb.It expressed a verb in any form.
- compound verbal.It consists of a verb infinitive, and ligaments.
- compound name.It has a part of the verb, and the name of the bundle, which can be expressed as an adjective, noun, participle or an adverb.
The compound offers all of these kinds occur predicates.
Cool (mononuclear impersonal sentence).An example of a predicate with a lowered verbal ligament in the present tense, but which manifests itself in the past tense: was cool. part names pronounced category status.
The definite personal proposal: Joining Hands, friends (B.Sh.Okudzhava) -skazuemoe simple verb.
The indefinite-personal sentences: Nobody do not want to hear from you (O.Ermachenkova) - verb - finite verb + infinitive.
mononuclear denominative proposals - examples of the compound nominal predicate verb with zero ligament in the present tense.Often when placed next to the nominative particles index: Here's your ticket, that's your car (VS Vysotsky).If you submit a nominative proposal in the past tense, they are converted into two-part proposal.Compare: Was your ticket, was your car.
mononuclear and incomplete sentences
incomplete should be distinguished from the two-part proposal mononuclear.In the single-composition in the absence of one of the main members of the meaning of the sentence is not changed.The parent can be skipped any part of the sentence, and meaning can not be understood outside the context of: contrary - table. Or: today.
In some cases it is difficult to distinguish between definite personal proposal and two-part incomplete.This primarily relates to the predicate expressed by a verb in the past tense.For example: think - and began to eat (Pushkin).Without basic context can not be determined in one or face 3 The used verb.To avoid mistakes, it is important to understand that in the form of the past tense of the verb is not determined by the person, and then it's two-part incomplete sentence.
particular difficulty cause differences between incomplete two-part proposal and nominative example: night.Frosty night. and night in the village. In order to avoid difficulties, it is important to understand that fact - a minor member of the belonging to the predicate.Therefore, the proposal " night in the village of" - incomplete with two-part compound nominal predicate, in which the verbal part is omitted.Compare: night came in the village. frosty night.It nominative proposal becausedefinition is consistent with the subject, hence the adjective "frosty" describes the main term "night".
the study of syntax, it is important to carry out training exercises, and for this it is necessary to analyze the types of compound offers examples.
role mononuclear sentences in the language
in written and oral compound offers play an important role.Such syntax in a concise and succinct form possible to formulate the idea of a bright and colorful, help introduce images or objects.They give statements dynamism and emotion allow focus on the desired subject or subjects.With compound offers can avoid unnecessary repetitions of lexical pronouns.
