aircraft carrier - the type of warship, which includes a certain number of combat aircraft, and it also represents the main striking force.On board there is a landing strip for the required length of the takeoff of aircraft, hangars, facilities for refueling, maintenance and control operations.Despite its large size, the aircraft carrier - highly maneuverable ship and fast enough to react to signals dislocation.One of the representatives of such military hardware is the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov".More on that below.
Purpose
As mentioned above, the carriers are types of warships, which differ in huge sizes.Their board has more than a dozen military aircraft: fighters, attack aircraft, tanker aircraft, anti-submarine technology, as well as the rescue and helicopter gunships.
These ships used to carry a variety of rescue services along the water boundaries of a State.They are also intended to assist the ground forces in the invasion of enemy forces in the area.Used to destroy different enemy submarines, as well as to destroy the air technology that is over water and in the coastal zone.
The carrier must have a powerful power plant and a large supply of fuel to for a long period of stay offshore.
historical path
first steps in the construction of the above cruisers were done at the Nikolayev shipyard in 1982.He has repeatedly changed its name in connection with historical events.Finally in 1990, after extensive sea trials aboard his name appeared the final - "Admiral Kuznetsov".And a year later the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser was on the naval armaments of Russia.It is known fact.
During the start of construction in service already had aircraft carriers Russia.Each of them performs a specific function.However, the ship "Admiral Kuznetsov" was a significant difference.That is, it has the dimensions of elongated deck.This allowed the planes to the traditional type of takeoff and landing.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the Russian navy quite concerned that the Ukrainian authorities can lay claim to ownership of the cruiser.Therefore, in late 1991, he was secretly transported to the city of Severomorsk, which is a new location-based aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov".Since that time, he held numerous tests of various kinds.He also updated with new combat unit - serial Su-33.
In 1995, to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the existence of the Russian Navy aircraft carrier cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" was put forward in the campaign in the Mediterranean Sea.Passing the Straits of Gibraltar, he stopped off the coast of Tunisia.At the same time there were present and the American ship.It is possible to carry out some training tests together.According to witnesses, during a joint parking commits the two aircraft carrier takeoffs and landings of aircraft technology from both the Russian and the US Navy.Some Russian soldiers were even able to ride on a US air technique.Aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" did not disappoint, and in future exercises of the Northern Fleet, which command was satisfied.But it is not without its negative aspects.For all maritime navigation has been a steady power plant failure, and other problems encountered vehicle systems.This indicated his readiness incomplete.And after only a short time after arriving home, after a thorough renovation, the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" again went to another path.Not without him past transactions "Kursk" in 2000
In 2004, the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" an expedition to the North Atlantic, together with nine ships of the Northern Fleet.The main purpose of the trip was to test the new takeoff and landing Su-25KUB.This was followed by regular visits to duty (2005-2007 gg.).And in 2007, the cruiser went to another swimming in the Mediterranean Sea, where everything went well.
Of course, in addition to the successful voyages aboard the aircraft carrier accidents occurred and, from what is not insured none-the-art warship in the world:
- The first incident happened in late 2004.As a result, the next exit was a small accident on board the cruiser when landing on the deck of the Su-25UTG.Fortunately, everything worked out just damaged landing gear, and the ship did not suffer significant losses.
- also misfortune overtook an aircraft carrier in the early autumn of 2005 in the North Atlantic.There cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" suffered a significant loss.When landing two Su-33 one could not resist and fell into the water.The pilot had ejected at great depths.Second unit joint efforts of the crew managed to save.Sunken car, which contained secret technology that is trying to destroy the bombs with the help of water.However, this was not possible.The reason turned out to be an emergency cable breakage aviafinishera.
- following an emergency occurred in January 2009.During their stay in the Turkish port Akzas-Karagach suffered a sudden fire in the bow deck.The crew was able to cope with the situation, but the man died.The carrier itself did not suffer significant damage.
Today the ship "Admiral Kuznetsov" is one of a heavy naval artillery.Its main task - defeat the purpose of a specific nature, which are a threat to the state.The heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" worthy looks, along with the likes of combat units in different countries.You can not impress a twenty huge structure that seamlessly moves through the water element?Aboard the aircraft carrier has eight boilers and four steam turbines.With their help, it can accelerate to a maximum speed of 29 knots.At this rate, it overcomes to 3800 miles at a speed of 18 knots - 8500 miles.In order to ensure its capacity, at least you can take a look at the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov", a photo of which is presented in this text.
Design features
There are a lot of interesting things.Model "Admiral Kuznetsov" has the following decks: a smooth take-off and more.This important element of the design.The aft part of the ship there is a take-off ramp, that is, the architecture of the ship is a flush.It is an essential feature of the design.It also has a corner flight deck, the area of which 14,700 m², and developed an add-on starboard.The current ramp, which is located in the bow, has an angle of descent of 14 degrees.Its implementation is integral with the body of the aircraft carrier, which has a height of 7 decks and two necessary platform.
Chassis
As already mentioned, the aircraft carrier has an advanced power plant.It includes eight steam boilers and turbines 4, each of which has a capacity of 50 000 l.from.As a result, the system is able to disperse the huge machine up to 29 knots and maintain that speed for a long time.Also said power plant has additional fuel containers.With such a system, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser is capable of long-term stay in the water.Limiting the range of movement at a speed of 18 knots is approximately 8500 miles.
Armament
In this respect, defined the relevant equipment.Armament on the ship "Admiral Kuznetsov" aircraft equipment presented and rocket-launchers.This is a significant fact.The first type includes all sorts of military aviation in Russia.This includes about 28 aircraft (fighter series SU-33, MiG-27K, Yak-141) and 24 combat helicopters.
In addition, the composition of the carrier includes a number of rocket launchers near, medium and long range.These devices can at any time you apply aimed blow to the enemy and prevent the defeat of a torpedo or a missile.In all likelihood, in the nearest future they will be perfected as a result of a complete redesign of this ship.
avionics
It is also an important equipment.Electronic equipment on the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" allows you to constantly have a picture of the exact location of such equipment nearby.It includes a system of "Woodcutter" multifunction device "Mars-Passat".It also includes such devices as "Fregat-2M", which allows to detect targets in three-dimensional space, and the "Tackle" - for the detection of aviation technology at low altitudes.Once the ship has certain communication systems and control missions.All this allows you to accurately determine the position of the enemy and deliver effective blows, and have constant contact with the Allies.
Specifications of the cruiser
This takes into account the following:
- main producer of aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" The Black Sea is a company for the construction of warships in the city of Mykolayiv.
- Developer - JSC "Neva PKB".
- maximum vehicle speed of 29-30 knots.The usual suspension - 18.
- maximum range of movement at the optimum of 18 000 miles.
- In standalone mode can run for about 45 days.
- has a displacement of 58 500 tons.
crew
course, to maintain the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" afloat must be a significant number of qualified crew.It consists of 1960 people, 200 of them - officers.Due to the fact that the main combat power is represented by aircraft, on board there is 626 pilots.Of these, the command staff consists of 40 people.Also on said ship is 3857 necessary facilities.These include 387 cabins, 50 showers and 6 tablespoons, 120 warehouses.
Improvement
Although the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" has over the years proved its full combat readiness and effectively perform its tasks, as well as all the equipment, it requires appropriate modern upgrades.The designers and developers of the ship is not going to stop there, and in the near future plans to improve this fighting machine, giving it extra power and install additional modern weaponry.
primarily affect the modernization of the power plant, as this is the most problematic areas, and often leads to minor breakdowns.It is planned to replace the existing boiler and turbine installation.In this regard, considering several options, that is going to carry out the replacement gas or yadernoturbinnuyu installation.Therefore, it limits the number of failures, and add additional carrying capacity of a ship.
some changes succumb and weapons.In the future, possible liquidation of rockets "Granite".As a consequence, increase the area of aircraft parking spaces, and accordingly, the number of aviation units themselves.Also replaced by advanced anti-aircraft medium-range devices and are subject to rocket-launchers "Dagger".This is important.For short-range facilities plan to replace the existing complex on «shell-C1."It will include the number of anti-aircraft artillery 4-6 devices.In this case the specified aircraft carrier plans to establish a modern system of electronic equipment.With it, the future will be monitored by the interaction with the other warships.
as a launcher of an aircraft carrier catapults planned inventory.Since no one in the future is not going to give up the runway and jumps, then, accordingly, they will be on the corner deck.In order to start using the steam catapults need to have a nuclear power plant.By this and seek developers.But if the ship will have a gas turbine plant, the steam catapult on electromagnetic replaced.This device is not new in the fighting shipyards.Many foreign carriers already have a similar system in its use.Also, it must be tested and our developers even if the existence of the Soviet Union.Therefore, it is correct to write on the design of the ship "Admiral Kuznetsov".
The number of aviation equipment will include MiG-29K in the amount of 26 pieces and helicopters (18 to 28 units).In general, the updated edition of the cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" is planned for 2020.By this time it is expected to release a new generation fighter T-50, which, undoubtedly, there will be on board the ship.
even scary to imagine the possibility of a renewed cruisers, including the account already exists!
current state of the ship
Today, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser is there to protect the interests of Russia.In general, he regularly consults with the tasks.It has advanced weapons and is able to prevent almost any enemy invasion.And it was his trip to the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic renewed presence of the Russian Navy in the oceans.These types of warships as specified cruiser are in service in most countries.Therefore, Russian developers are making every effort for its modernization.
Conclusion After reading the above, one can imagine what a, what functions as well as some military equipment has the aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov".In general, this ship is definitely an impressive fighting unit of the army of the Russian Federation.
