Switzerland is a unique country with a long history and culture.Those who have ever been there, of course, got a lot of impressions from the amazing pure nature, unique mountain scenery surrounding the cleanliness and standard of living of the people.Of course, many people and interest is in Switzerland, because within a small country is home to four groups of people that are historically, communicate on a completely different language.
history of state formation and the emergence of nationalities
date education in Switzerland is considered to be the day of its independence, which was declared at the end of the 13th century and is celebrated every year on August 1.Initially, the country was a confederation, until the 17th century.Historically, it was justified by the fact that participated in the development of the country representatives of the four nations, speaking different languages represented in two different language groups: German and Roman.
By far one of the official name of the country is the Swiss Confederation.Later, with the establishment and strengthening of statehood, the shape of the device has been changed to the Federation that lasted until the 19th century.Later, a federal state structure was transformed into a federal charter.Until now, when dealing with the local population rarely hear from them that they are Swiss.Rather, they say that they lugantsy, tsyurihtsy, berntsy, Genevans, because many cities and cantons in the country, so many different nationalities represent them.
What is the population in Switzerland
Historically, that in Switzerland live together four main people who use their spoken languages.It:
- frankoshveytsartsy mainly speak French;
- germanoshveytsartsy, speaking in German with his dialect, are the largest part of the Swiss population;
- italoshveytsartsy, speaking in Italian;
- retroromantsy, otherwise referred to as the Romanche or Ladino, the language used retroromansky.
dominant language is German, because the Swiss population is 65% represented by native Germanic languages.
Here are some statistics.In 2014, the population of Switzerland was 8,137,600 inhabitants, among which there are both Swiss and foreigners who have received in recent times have the citizenship of the country or residence.For comparison: in the mid-60s of the last century the population of the state is just over 5 million people.The rate of natural population reproduction is about 1.1, which is the average level in Europe.Swiss population is increasing mainly due to the influx of immigrants.
"Restigraben" - invisible border
more recently appeared in the media definition Rostigraberi - so-called line (the conditional border), which extends from the north of Switzerland to the south of the country.This concept has been conditionally divided the population in Switzerland:
- West (French-speaking);
- east (German-speaking).
The name "restigraben" means "ditch strewn with fried potatoes."Resti - one of the local dishes, which is most popular in Bern.It represents a so beloved by Germans fries.And this dish is associated directly with germanoshveytsartsami that in the eyes of the rest of the residents look sullen and terse, but practical in every way.It is about these people east Swiss population say that they can rely on to serious matters at any time.
invisible border, passing through the country, gave the name of the peoples living on the east and west.For example, they frankoshveytsartsy call their neighbors "zasarintsami" that is, people living on the other side of the river Sarin.In turn, the eastern part of Switzerland - the Germans - that the river has in its own way - Saanen.
great people of a small country
Despite the fact that Switzerland is relatively small, it get along just four nationalities who communicate in different languages.And each of them has its own distinct dialect has.
Despite this, the population is very close-knit, and the main distinguishing feature of the Swiss - it is their hard work.Nature has not given the residents of this region a large number of resources that are not endowed with huge open spaces and fields.Therefore, the population of Switzerland has its own special, strong, stubborn and resourceful.
words "cheese", "clock", "chocolate bars" are connected with that country.But not only this state is famous for.On its territory were born, worked such prominent people as:
- Albert Einstein.
- Carl Jung.
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
- John Calvin, and many other well-known personalities who have made a huge contribution to the development of science, art, and just to the formation of human society.
