total timber reserves are estimated at several factors: this rate of forest cover, and the size of the forest area and timber reserves.Forest resources are exhaustible but renewable because they can be used for different purposes.
Explanation indicators
forest cover is estimated by the degree of relationship to the total forest area of the territory of a particular country.Thus, according to this indicator, the leading countries are Finland, Sweden, Canada, Guinea, Mozambique, Russia.The total forest area of more than 4 billion hectares, which is 30% of the land.Country's leading timber resources per capita - Russia: here one person accounts for about 3 hectares of forest, while in European countries this figure is much lower - just 0.3 ha.
That was - that was
forest area in the world each year is reduced by about 20 million hectares, which is caused by numerous logging.And most of all wood harvested in Latin America and Asia.And here in the Nordic countries is actively working to restore forests and breeding, so that the area of forest is not reduced.Timber reserves in the world standing up about 300 billion. M3, and Russia accounts for about 25% of timber reserves.
Forest resources are renewable, but if not promptly deal with plantations, forest reserves will become smaller.Another country's leading timber resources - Suriname, where the per capita accounts for about 36 hectares of forest.But in the tropics and the southern temperate zone on one person accounts for less than a hectare of forest.
As calculations are carried out?
Forests - it's like forest reserves in the country, and non-timber values.It is through the woods it is possible to obtain a universal raw material for many industries, in addition, forest - is the maintenance of the ecological system of the Earth.Due to the fact that forest resources can be renewed, the world's timber reserves can be replenished constantly, raise their productivity to meet the needs of man.
Forests around the world are unevenly distributed.For example, European countries tended to be more forest cover, while in Africa the figure is much lower.The lowest level of forest cover - in Africa, and its highest rate - in Latin America, Europe and North America.Country Leader reserves softwood - Russia: the share of the country accounts for 88% of coniferous forests.
The distribution of forests around the world
Modern forest grows in different climatic zones, thus depending on the areas they are different species composition, stand structure, productivity, various economic and environmental value.Much of Europe is occupied by forest zone temperate zones, where the forests boreal coniferous forests.In Central and South America, East Africa and the East Indies are common tropical forests dominated by evergreen mixed forests.Mountain areas are characterized by vertical zoning, while depending on the altitude will change the heat and humidity.
If Russia - the leading countries for supplies of timber, in most European countries, most of the forest is cut down.For example, in England, Ireland, the Netherlands, mostly middle-aged and young forests are growing trees that artificially planted.Coniferous forests are preserved only in Scandinavia, with good forest cover is dominated by coniferous forests clean.In the center of Europe mostly growing pine, spruce, fir, larch, and the forest has decreased significantly due to the constant cutting of yards and cattle.
Among the regions of Europe's largest forest area accounts for Scandinavia.Here are concentrated 35.6% of the productive forests and 28.5% of the total stock of wood.This region is characterized by the highest degree of forest cover.
in Asia and Africa?
Total timber reserves in Asia - about 1/5 of the continent.Where tropical forests, coniferous and deciduous planting in the temperate zone.The vast territory occupied by boreal forests.In the East, the region is represented by the species diversity of relics, endemics.In the south of the region there are arrays in which the steppe interspersed with small shrubs.In the mountains, taiga and presents broad-leaved forests.On the territory of African forests are also unevenly distributed.The total forest area of the continent can be divided into four regions: the north - subtropical, in the west - the tropics, in the east - mountains and tropical in the south - subtropics.
Americas
Forests in North America occupy about a third of the continent, while in the north due to the harsh climatic conditions limited tree species composition, and their productivity is low.The forest is mainly represented by coniferous and small-leaved trees admixture.Toward the south of the mainland part of forests becomes wider, the trees themselves are more productive.
Almost half of the territory of Latin America is occupied by forest vegetation with a predominance of deciduous trees.On the banks of the Amazon is a rich and ancient floristic composition.Mexico and the Netherlands Antilles engaged mainly in coniferous forests - mainly pine trees.
Australia noted the prevalence of forests on the coastal strip.There are almost 85% of the territory occupied by eucalyptus trees.
What is a liquid stock?
A liquid timber reserves - is the amount of total reserves of timber plantations, which is equal to the entire volume of harvested timber without bark and tree tops.This volume is set in different ways based on various computational techniques.Liquid wood - a material that can be used for logging.At the same root stock of wood is much higher.
Major Trends logging in Russia and abroad
Even 60 years ago on the forest part of Russia and the whole world, little was known.Rather species composition simply has not been studied.During the Soviet power in the USSR it was considered more than 500 million. Hectares where forest management was conducted.But over time, there has been a shortage of wood in the first place this applies to high-quality sawlogs and veneer logs, which are obtained from large parts of the trunk.That is why in the industrialized countries, these assortments are used in the cultivation of forests.
remaining sawmill residues and wood processing go after deep processing in different industries - in the manufacture of pulp, paper and cardboard.In the 80 years of timber shortage has led to the fact that the scale of the international timber trade are higher.And if the developed countries of Europe and North America are the major exporters of finished products made of wood as lumber and paper, developing countries in the face of Asia, Africa, Latin America, mainly export of round wood.At the same time these countries dominated by one-sided exploitation of the forest, so that forest land is becoming less and less.
By the end of the twentieth century has become a noticeable trend towards multi-purpose forest management, especially in industrialized and densely populated countries.Before them was a problem creating events that would allow to restore the forest resources that would be affected, and on improving the economic situation in the country.
As for Russia, it is about 78% of the forests are composed of rocks of industrial importance - pine, spruce, fir, larch, oak, birch.And as the worldwide forest resources are unevenly distributed.In the European part accounts for only 17.06% of the forest, while in Siberia and the Far East are concentrated 82% of the forests.The entire volume of wood can be divided into three groups: The first consists of protective plantations, the second - the raw material, and the third - reserve timber that is not used as a raw material.The total annual growth of wood is about 830 million m3.
Conclusions
Wood - a renewable form of resources, so you can not only regulate its operation, but also gradually play.In assessing forest takes into account not only the rate of growth every year, but the amount of accumulated stock.The only way to adjust the total world reserves of timber.
