measures to transfer the economy to market development include a range of actions involving the creation of a new configuration of the economic system as a whole.These programs are implemented in almost all countries of the so-called transitional type of economy, but because of itself, privatization of state and municipal property - a relatively new legal framework that continues to improve with experience in this field.In Russia, these procedures are specified in Art.217 of the Civil Code, which defines that privatization is the transfer of state property into the ownership of individuals or organizations.In the aspect of content, this means the termination of public property rights and education rights of common property.
privatization of state property, in whatever form it is not carried out, what motives would not have initiated it, always requires the development of a clear legal mechanism for its implementation.This is dictated by the importance of the privatization process for the whole society and the possible negative consequences for society as a whole, in the case of unprepared legal side the implementation of this policy.Therefore, the privatization of state and municipal property necessitates the adoption of special laws.It can be done either by compensated and free, it depends on the specific conditions of the privatization process and the characteristics of the property which is included in the turnover.
In Russia, privatization is carried out in respect of the property include:
- land.
- businesses, property and securities that had previously belonged to the state;
- privatization of housing;
For each of these objects, the state defines and implements specific objectives of economic and social nature.For example, the purpose of privatization of state enterprises was declared the necessity of forming a layer of individual entrepreneurs, the development of social infrastructure, improving the efficiency of business operations, improved financial situation.In the initial stages of privatization of state and municipal enterprises was conducted, as a rule, on a reimbursable basis.But, as shown by historical experience, the first attempt of privatization in Russia was extremely unfortunate, particularly in terms of ensuring their social impact.Therefore, in 2006 it adopted the State program, which essentially transformed not only the targeted installation of privatization, but also treatment.For example, as the main objectives of the program called "maximize" the effectiveness of privatization measures in order to increase the competitiveness of the economy.The program involves the following tasks:
- socially oriented privatization of state and municipal property, withdrawn from circulation use state;
- reducing the number of federal unitary state-owned enterprises;
- effective restructuring of some branches of the economy;
- increase federal revenues.
In the area of ​​privatization program on housing and land, such goals are set:
- creating favorable conditions for the formation of housing and land markets;- Reduction of expenditure on the maintenance of housing at the expense of the state;
- promote efficient use of land and land;
- strengthening social support of agricultural workers.
Based on these objectives, the program assumes that the privatization of state and municipal property shall be carried out first on a grant basis, and only as we move towards the goals, it is necessary to carry out a gradual transition to a paid privatization.Such a campaign will provide the most harmonious combination of the interests of the state and citizens in the privatization process.
