Use clean water improves health and human immunity, though the body itself is restored, using its own reserves.People for centuries have settled rivers and lakes, using those sources that gave life to nature.Most ancient civilizations already knew how to purify water for the needs of the citizens, passing it through the layers of clay and sand.In those days people did not use coagulants (this substance, which is produced using primary treatment of life-giving water today).
Such different clean water
In today's world it is considered that, ideally, people should use in their homes three types of water:
- tap water that has passed the standard multiple coarse purification and filtration in special sumps;
- household, pre-softened to prevent scale formation in the heating devices used for cleaning and washing;
- drinking, used exclusively for the ingestion and cooking.
plain water apartment provides public water system.For self home using various post-treatment filters, structuring and recognized the usefulness of certain minerals (eg shungit).In addition, there coagulants, disinfecting water for household use.
What happens to the water before entering the pipe
Before settling and filtration produced a preliminary rough treatment of water intended for supply to urban water networks.First, in special containers, and quickly mix the water coagulants (are special chemicals).When coagulating the electrostatic repulsion of the dissolved particles decreases, they stick together.This facilitates and accelerates the cleaning during settling and filtration.
process in one tank should last about one minute.If a smaller time interval does not provide adequate uniformity of mixing of the substance with water.With more prolonged interaction may collapse formed floccules (sludge foreign particles stuck together).After going through several tanks where coagulants for water mixed with it with a gradually decreasing rate, the liquid is subjected to uphold.
What is a beautiful word "flocculation»
coagulants - a chemical reagents.Not all substances harmful to humans can derive conventional filtration in a short time.Some of them are in a dissolved state.If impurities are present in water or hydrosols, the coagulants for water treatment at the time of interaction with them form an insoluble precipitate in suspension.The process of formation of fine particles agglomerated, larger "piles" and called flocculation.The size of the new particles can be up to several millimeters.
course, you can purify water from various impurities usual filtration, but it will take several years, and in fact need water every day in huge quantities.To the cleaning process took place rather quickly, in the mixer was added coagulants.It reduces the release of water from unnecessary harmful substances to only 30-45 minutes.With faster residents of cities and towns are able to seamlessly use the water from the comfort of their homes.
What happens at treatment facilities
in the water, even clear at first glance, usually contains a large amount of impurities.These may include the following materials:
- gypsum and chalk;
- sand and clay rocks;
- silt and plankton;
- slightly soluble metal hydroxides;
- bacteria;
- dissolved chemicals;
- different suspension.
Heavy and large particles with a high specific weight quite quickly fall to the bottom of the sump, for 1-2 minutes.Accelerate the process of sedimentation (precipitation) of fine particles, which can last up to two years, added to the water coagulants.This ferric chloride, sulfate, alumina, iron sulfate, and gidroksosulfaty Aluminium chlorohydrate, a mixture of iron salts and aluminum, clay opacifiers, different flocculants and clarifiers suspension.
for purifying and clarifying water in the sumps vertical consumed per 1 liter of 50 to 100 ml reagent.Enlarged and glued under the influence of chemicals colloidal particles precipitate, which is readily separated by sedimentation and subsequent filtration.
