voluntarism.What does this mean?Translated from the Latin word voluntarism (voluntas) - a form of political activity of the subject, which is based on the desires and aspirations, and ignores the objective of the concept of political life.Voluntaryists believe the policy making process of spontaneous decisions, which are not based on program activities.
Voluntarism - what is it?This concept is typical for politicians with a linear movement of thought and action, which tend to gloss over due, but largely unattainable.For this reason, both for voluntarism in politics is materially prejudicial to political integration and consolidation, and in general is a destructive force.
What does the word "voluntarism" in politics?
political voluntarism originates from external determinants of social development.But mostly in the alienation of the people, social groups and strata of the activities of politicians and government are the roots of such a flow as voluntarism.What is this if not an extreme expression of ethical relativism based on moral freedom of man?The term "volunteerism" was first mentioned by the German sociologist tennis in the XIX century.But the idea of voluntarist ethics put forward earlier.As soon as the increasing contradictions between the individual and society, understanding of voluntarism has become more common.
word "voluntarism" in psychology and philosophy
This trend in philosophy and psychology opposes willful beginning of reason and the objective laws of nature and society.In fact, voluntarism claims independence from the reality of the human will, idealizes the role of personality in history and how it affects the world around us.The idea of the flow can be traced back to the Middle Ages.But the concept of "voluntarism" in psychology appeared only in the late XIX century, thanks to W. Wundt - German psychologist, physician and physiologist.
following types of voluntarism in psychology:
- limited recognition of the fact that the will is qualitatively peculiar phenomenon among other psychological processes;
- claims that are based on the will of all the other psychological processes and phenomena, voluntarism - that this is the will is a primary capacity, which depends entirely on the subject and has no objective justification.
Supporters voluntarism
According to the German philosopher and psychologist Wundt, psychological reasons expressed in volitional act, particularly in apperception.Philosopher and psychologist James argued that the acts of the person responsible for the unconditional willful decision.German psychologist H. Münsterberg thought that will prevail over the rest of the psychological processes.His ideas are supported and the other Western psychologists of the time.They did not cease to preach what is inherent in man's ability to choose the target and how to achieve it.In this case, voluntarism serves as the effect of which is behind the acts of the special spiritual essence.
