first thing that comes to mind at the mention of the term "bursa", a work of "Viy" Gogol, because the main character of this story is a seminarian Khoma Brutus, went home during vacation.In the works of this writer it is this institution is mentioned very often (Andrei and Ostap Bulba were also seminarians).These religious schools have become widespread in the Ukraine (Russian empire), and in Poland.About the seminary graduates and Kuprin wrote and Pomyalovski.
Metamorphoses term
Referring to the origins of the term, came from Latin, it should be noted that the literal translation of "seminary" - a pocket or purse.Then, in the Middle Ages under this concept implies the total box office of any educational institution, the monastery, union or brotherhood.Gradually, the term has transferred its value to POS religious school and then - itself a seminary and a dormitory with her.There is nothing surprising in the fact that the schools with the same name first appeared in France, because the language of the country is a vulgar Latin.
provides students with specific educational establishments apartment with full content called bursa, and the students who live in it, the seminarians were called, but in French it sounds like much more beautiful: bursarli or bursiati.In France until the end of the XIX century the seminary were very common.
most famous seminary of the Russian Empire
in Ukraine and Poland bursa - a specifically religious school, which in Kiev and later transformed into the Theological Academy.In Krakow seminary Dlugosz lasted until 1840.The above Kiev-brotherly school and hostel when it was formed at the Tomb of Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia, Galicia in the XVII century.
Life in the seminary was not easy, because it provides donations mainly from the Cossack formations that began to blossom in the XVII century.As provided free food, clothing and shelter are more than scarce, seminarians began to provide handouts to survive.This was done by the pupils themselves.In their environment every year and solemnly elected group of individuals, who collected alms and distribution.These were the prefects, secretaries and assistants.With special book Album trustees avoided the neighborhood asking for alms.
In addition, gifted students formed a cooperative that recitation rimmed services, staging and execution of edges earned the necessary funds.
Symbol Base
Regulation pupils bursae somewhat improved in the XVIII century.Because the Metropolitan Arseny preacher court of Elizabeth, attended to the fate of seminarians.He increased the funds issued to them and translated the College of wooden buildings in stone, thereby improving the living conditions of seminarians.Still fundraiser seminarians was finally banned in 1786.Obviously, there have been abuses, and study in seminary suffered.
Some seminaries was a three-year period of study and more.Along with the rhetoric, philosophy and theology studies the history, geography and mathematics.But seminaries were provided for children from more or less affluent, while the seminary meant the poor, education period not exceeding 2 years, provided the amount of knowledge was minimal.They dominated unsanitary and brutal manners, malnourished children and enough sleep, about getting a decent education, however.All this is very well described in "Essays bursa" NG Pomyalovsky.It should be noted that the book has a very wide resonance in the society.Maybe that's why education is not giving a thorough knowledge disparagingly called bursa.
Other values
But sac - is not only all of the above.What are some of the values from words?Bursa - it's the fourth largest city in Turkey, located in the north-west of Antalya.In addition, there is an abbreviation of bursitis, which stands for "ignition control unit and alarm."Without these blocks can not be automated steam and water boilers.It provides semi-automatic startup of the boiler, to the desired temperature and pressure, fuel flow, and other functions.Of course, for each block is provided only he designed the scheme Bursa.
