disease toxoplasmosis is a hidden enemy who is able to do great harm to a pregnant woman and her fetus.In humans, toxoplasmosis is manifested in different ways.Usually, diagnosis of disease made by laboratory methods.Since the pathogen is quite resistant to environmental effects, possibly widespread contamination.In this article we will look at such diseases as toxoplasmosis, performance standards, symptoms and how to treat it.
Information
Under the threat of contracting the disease in the first place are the children of agricultural workers, hunters, villagers, gardeners and horticulturists, as well as all those who have a cat at home.
reasons
Toxoplasmosis, performance standards which are discussed below, cause opportunistic protozoa (Toxoplasma) who settle in human cells.This pathogen can infect any organ and penetrate any cell, except in the red blood cells.The main cause of this disease - infection of the body simply.
Toxoplasmosis: how to define?
In humans in most cases of toxoplasmosis is mild and practically invisible form.However, there may be symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, low-grade fever, a slight increase in the cervical and occipital lymph nodes, headache.
The above condition observed in the case of the classical cold.Often people do not even have a clue that chickenpox disease such as toxoplasmosis.Performance standards of the disease allows early treatment.
In severe disease the patient has joint and muscle pain, spotty rash and fever.Very dangerous is the defeat of the nervous system (the development of meningoencephalitis).The cat suspected toxoplasmosis only in cases when it has observed nasal discharge, reddening of the eye, diarrhea and swollen lymph nodes.However, in most cases, and in cats, and humans pathological process has no apparent symptoms.
Pregnancy
everywhere say toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is dangerous.Hence, the recommendation is to throw a beloved pet, and feelings about any cat scratch.It is important to know that the developing fetus is a particular risk is a primary infection of the future mother.Accordingly, if you have previously been ill with toxoplasmosis, the fetus is no negative impact.
Infection fetal disease such as toxoplasmosis (performance standards listed below) is observed with a primary infection and reactivation of the pathogen in the body of seropositive women.
is worth noting that during the primary infection during pregnancy is a risk to the fetus is 100%.During the first trimester, it is in the range of 15-20%, the second - 30%, the third - 60%.Despite the fact that the risk increases with duration of pregnancy, clinical severity decreases.In other words, if a woman becomes infected during the first trimester of toxoplasmosis, the baby is in most cases develop malformations incompatible with life.If the infection has occurred by the end of pregnancy, the pronounced symptoms may be absent.
case of contact with the pathogen in the mother's body up to 24 weeks, doctors are advised to terminate the pregnancy.In case of refusal, they offer abortion treatment.In addition, it is necessary to note that after the disease produces strong immunity, so the second meeting this parasite will not be dangerous.
transmission routes
have such diseases as toxoplasmosis, the rate is determined by the laboratory.The possible routes of transmission:
- contact - is associated with sick cats that excreted in faeces of Toxoplasma.
- food - associated with the ingestion of poorly processed meat, which contains cysts of the parasite.
- parenteral - in this case is not excluded transmission by transplantation of tissues, organs and blood transfusions.
- transplatsentarno - penetration of infection in the fetus and the subsequent development of newborn toxoplasmosis.
pregnant woman has a high rate of toxoplasmosis or for medical personnel, nor to others is not an epidemiological danger.This allows the patient to be treated in somatic inpatient and outpatient basis.
Pathogenesis Pathogens, released from the cysts and oocysts, penetrate the epithelial cells of the small intestine, where the reproduction, resulting in a primary affect.Thereafter, the parasites penetrate the regional lymph nodes and then with the flow of lymph - in blood.
Distribution
migration of the pathogen can cause a variety of tissues and organs.In conditions of reduced immunity, as well as during pregnancy, except for primary infection, it is considered dangerous and the reactivation of the parasite, which determines the course and outcome of subsequent pregnancies.
When leaving the cysts spread of the pathogen occurs.The tissue concentration is associated with the ability to penetrate transplacental that can trigger at any stage of pregnancy, fetal development of pathology.
Toxoplasmosis: diagnosis
Exciter can be determined in the body only by the presence of antibodies in the blood.The disease is different can not be identified as Toxoplasma tucked inside other cells.As previously discussed, the incubation period takes almost no symptoms of toxoplasmosis.Protozoa, e.g., can be detected in muscle, brain, spleen, liver and lymph nodes.
Thus, to take the material for analysis is possible only surgically.When doing a lumbar puncture when meningoencephalitis, mandatory liquor examined for Toxoplasma.
Treatment
Due to the fact that the incubation period of toxoplasmosis occurs in the majority of cases are asymptomatic in the early stages it is difficult to detect.Therefore, treatment of the disease for a long - 2 courses of immune correction (mandatory).The first course is 10 days after making a break, and then repeated therapy (21 days - in severe cases).
very difficult runs ocular toxoplasmosis.Diagnosis in this case should be the most accurate, because the disease can be confused with tuberculosis.Treatment is carried out under the strict supervision of a TB.When lesions of the brain and organs of toxoplasmosis treated only stationary.The hospital will have to be at least a month.After treatment requires repeated laboratory tests.
Performance standards
presence of antibodies in the IgM type normally excluded.If the analysis were identified, we are talking about the infection infection such as toxoplasmosis.lgG antibodies found in the blood indicate that the organism was once struck by infection with the time frame may be stretched up to 10 years.
best option if none of these types of antibodies will not be present in the blood.Only in this way we can say with certainty that the body was never infection and at a particular point, it is also absent.However, this means that a woman has absolutely no immunity to the disease, which would help avoid infection.We'll have to work hard not to be infected with such a disease.If toxoplasmosis lgG was found, and IgM is missing, then the woman had once faced with an infection, but at the moment it does not threaten it.And most importantly, the immune system has already worked out, and so the possibility of re-infection is minimal.
According to statistics, this situation is the most common.Thus, when the disease called toxoplasmosis rate - is the presence and the absence of IgG IgM.
If blood had antibodies IgM, and IgG type is completely absent, then we are talking about a recent infection in the absence of immunity.It is a threat to the child and his mother.
If both antibodies were detected, this indicates that the infection is present in the body for a long time.After 2-3 weeks to re-ask the expert to donate blood for toxoplasmosis.
Analyses
to the development of this disease is not actively proceeded, as well as to prevent danger to the unborn child, it is necessary to make a special screening for infection.It is desirable to determine the rate of toxoplasmosis or planning pregnancy or in its early stages.Do not be afraid to treat a disease - if we turn to specialists in a timely manner, it comes with minimal risk to the child.
With this disease, like toxoplasmosis, blood counts are essential, as the bacteria are found in the internal organs.Analyzes the amount of antibodies produced by the body.In addition, it is determined how long the infection has been brought into the body, as well as dangerous to the person himself toxoplasmosis.Laboratory findings are not always possible to determine an accurate picture of the disease, so 2-3 weeks is assigned to retest.
Sometimes toxoplasmosis can be diagnosed by means of polymerase chain reaction blood (PCR).It is important to note that this method is considered to be inaccurate, since it fails to identify the period when the infection occurred.
If a pregnant woman has been confirmed infection should carry out a similar analysis for the baby.In most cases used for this purpose amniocentesis (a sample of amniotic fluid).To identify whether the spleen is not enlarged or liver, whether in a normal condition of intracranial calcification and the ventricles of the brain, ultrasound can be performed.
danger during pregnancy
Most women are not even aware that they could transfer the disease.Since the disease often occurs in a latent form, it guarantees the formation of immunity in the body.If you treat these women, then you're in luck - if infected during pregnancy, the fetus will not be any risk.
If you are infected for the first time, the child may suffer very serious, especially during the third trimester.Nevertheless, it is better not to change their way of life, throw a pet, give up eating meat.Try to live a full life, but limit contact with animals, as well as watch the degree of readiness of meat.If the state of health worsens, consult a specialist, but he will be able to identify indicators of chronic toxoplasmosis.
There are some methods of precautions to prevent this infection.We consider these in more detail.
Prevention
possible non-specific prevention of the infection.Try to eliminate the semi-finished products, observe the rules of hygiene, wash your hands often, buy meat and beef in stores checked carefully treat fruits and vegetables.If there is a cat, you should use special fillers and regularly wash the tray.
Women who are planning a pregnancy, even before conception must be tested for toxoplasmosis.How to determine the presence of this infection has been said above.If the result is negative, during pregnancy, the expectant mother is very important to every 3 months for tests.
If the home has pets, you must also produce their thorough examination.It is recommended to regularly disinfect cat litter.If a pet is sick, sad as it may be, will have to get rid of him.To save his beloved cat, do not let him alone on the street, do not let raw meat, do not let the hunt for birds and mice.It is also not recommended for pregnant women in contact with other people's pets, strangers and stroking stray cats.
All these measures will help to some extent prevent the disease.In most cases, our health depends on us.
