imprinting in psychology - is one of the most interesting concepts.Translated this term as "leave a trace", "mark".This phenomenon occurs not only in animals but also in the human environment.However, if the imprinting of our smaller brethren due to instinct and serves the purposes of adaptation and survival in a society that it has become a more complex phenomenon, and he even found a use for commercial purposes.
Imprinting - it ...
Imprinting (imprinting) is selectively locking in memory significant information.Imprinting - a holistic psycho-physiological mechanism in which visual, auditory, or a different way of firmly stored in the brain centers.The features of this process are similar in animals and humans.First, it occurs in a clearly defined time - critical periods of life when the body turns out to be the most sensitive and receptive to the new.Second, only one meeting with the object of capturing sufficient for its formation.Third, for the emergence of the phenomenon of imprinting does not need any reinforcement (food, emotional or otherwise).And fourthly, the results of imprinting is very stable and the result of imprinting can be lifelong.
mechanism of imprinting can be clearly demonstrated by the so-called reaction sequence in most birds and mammals.It develops in the first hours of life baby, the mother who sees, hears and responds to her call that comes up to her and began to repeat her movements.During this interaction, the parents introduce babies with their habitats and necessary for life behaviors.
imprinting in animals
in animal psychology, the term is well known.It was invented by one of the leading scientists of the Austrian Konrad Lorenz, who at that time studied the lifestyle of gray geese.Imprinted in the animal world is a type of learning that is the individual purchase of new forms of behavior and actions that will be required in specific circumstances.At the heart of all learning is the process of formation of neural connections by type of reflex.Those animals that are capable of this are more likely to survive.
objects of parental imprinting may be individuals, others from the same litter of young, male or female, the enemies, as well as catering facilities.In this connection it is possible to speak about these important functions for the imprinting of the animal world:
- definition of close relatives of a characteristic appearance, smell, and so on. D.
- Choice sexual partner.
- Finding area to stay on its grounds.
Recognition poisonous and deadly creatures.
little about genetics
American geneticist H. Crows was suggested such a thing as genomic imprinting.It can be detected in some plants, insects, mammals, and in some cases in humans.Genomic imprinting - a variant of gene inheritance, in which the basic structure of the genes - DNA - does not undergo any changes.The peculiarity is that certain genes in eggs or sperm are disabled and the parents just do not participate in the transfer of their offspring, so one of the characteristic features of calf receives from the mother, and the other - from his father.There are other siblings have a "tag" genes.For example, due to an unusual combination of genes a child can clearly manifest something from grandparents, which was not observed in the parents.This type of inheritance has a great risk of a variety of mutations and abnormalities caused by a specific chromosome.
Features a small child psychology
Child psychology in its original mechanism is very close psyche animals.For example, this applies whether they are pronounced imprinting.It is very important for the child and parents first days and months after the birth.During this period, formed an unusually strong psychological ties: the relationship of mother and father and all the events taking place around the newborn treated as a sample.Kid seals demonstrated behaviors, interactions with people, animals, the surrounding objects.Later, he will start to implement them in the future.In this regard, it is important that the child sees, hears and feels from the beginning.If you love it, care for it, it will absorb that love, to learn to exercise it, and care for others.That is why child psychology needs special attention - children form a society of the future.
theory Timothy Leary Timothy Leary
, neurologist and psychologist, has identified several types of imprinting peculiar to the person.
- Oral - the earliest.Mother's milk is first and foremost for just born baby power supply, and the maternal embrace - a safe haven.Mother gives the necessary warmth and a sense of security, the need for which a person was originally incorporated.
- Geographically, emotional or imprinting associated with the development environment and imprinting its properties.Adults and children are labeled in a certain way your space, from choosing a favorite room in the house, where his store toys or items and ending prescribed in legal documents on the rights of private property.
- verbal.With this bioprogramme possible memorizing sounds and symbols that make up words.This in turn stimulates the development of speech and the necessary communication between people.
- Social (sotsiopolovoy) imprinting in humans.
more about social imprinting
In certain situations, people senzitivnost characteristic, that is, selective openness, strong susceptibility.Social imprinting - a kind of imprinting, in which the fixing takes place on basic values, intersexual, ethnic and other stereotypes.Presentation learned from communicating with other people, or in the process of imitation they can be positive or negative, but in any case, a man so absorbed the information about it is that wittingly or unwittingly in the behavior or activities should be him.These imprints are of global significance in terms of what cause relevant to the family and religion, and to the choice of a life partner, and so on. D. They also affect the overall plant capacity, human interests.
consumer psychology
special sensitivity to outside influence is inherent not only to children but also to adults during certain periods of life.Anyone can be trapped because of their own obsession with any image, whether it's fashion style, commitment to special nutrition or religious beliefs, and so on. D.
Caution is open to new information especially impressionable people.The Statement should develop some critical, not trusting indiscriminately, as many advertising companies are oriented on such people.They use those beliefs, attitudes, expectations, we attach great importance, for personal gain.Suggesting an idea or form of need, they stimulate the sometimes unnecessary purchases wasting.All the shopping malls, television, the media pursue a single goal - the promotion of goods to the masses.And imprinting plays its already negative for a particular individual, role.
