traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, as well as everything the national clothes reflect regional and social class person.Volga - longest river, and as we move along its shores can observe a difference arises in national dress.
The link
Appearance national costumes resulted primarily customs and traditions of the peoples of the Volga region, which developed under the influence of environmental and weather conditions.A characteristic feature of each of the national costume is finished.Ornament rooted in prehistoric times, not without reason called the writing of the past.Belief in the ancestors inscribed amulets created patterns that belong only to that tribe or nation, and handed down from century to century.So there is extant ornaments serving as embroidery and fur accessories original determinant suit certain people.But as the longest river in Europe connects all the peoples of the Volga region, and the main part of the national costume - a shirt (especially for women) - is a common and characteristic feature of all the national costumes of the peoples of these territories.
total for all
So, traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region have a common trait.Soviet archaeologist and ethnographer Boris A. Kuftin called him "tunic cut": shirts of all ethnic groups of the Volga have no shoulder seams.Of course, other nations, such as the ancient Romans or the Japanese, no shoulder seams.The reason for this is primarily the primitive conditions in which it was necessary to paint or to paint clothes, or something else, but do not mention the fact that the difference in national dresses such a common part for all the costumes there, you can not.Equally, obviously, there were the materials from which sewed clothes - hemp and flax.We can assume that river pearls and crushed mother of pearl are used in all the Volga costumes.Basically the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region: Mordovia, Chuvash, Tatar peoples of the Middle Volga and Samara - differ from each other.
Erzya and Moksha
comparison, consider first Mordovia suit.Every nation, its origin, the story is very diverse.Mordva, halving subethnos (Moksha and Erzya, having their own languages), is a Finno-Ugric peoples.Only one-third live in Mordovia, and the rest - in the neighboring areas and throughout Russia.Confession is mainly Orthodox, but there Molokans and Lutherans.And all this for centuries formed the national clothes and reflected in them.It must be said that the waterways have long been the only trade routes linking the neighbors.Communicating with each other, the peoples of the Volga borrowed each other's traditions, customs, recipes, national cuisines, got acquainted with the traditions, took over the elements of clothes and jewelry.
differences in costume, even within the same ethnic group
So formed the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region.Mordovia female attire intricate and men - simple and convenient.It may be noted that mokshanki national costume worn constantly and erzyanki - only on holidays.And it's not the only difference, even in the national costume of the people.General and absolute for them is a white canvas, the cut of his shirt, the presence of coins in jewelry beads and shells, as well as dresses with embroidery trim.Clothing men uncomplicated and very reminiscent of Russian costume - a shirt untucked, his pants tucked into leggings.Panhard and ponkst (shirt and trousers) for each day were made of hemp, holiday - flax.
Required parts
an integral part of the costume was a girdle, or Karksi, which always belted shirt.He attached great importance.It is made, usually of the skin, had a buckle in the form of a simple ring or decorated in every way.It was suspended on a belt or weapons, or tools on his belt distinguished warriors.Over the shirt in the summer of Mordovia men wore a light white baby's undershirt (mushkas - at Moksha rutsya - at Erza), in the winter - chopon reminiscent of Russian's coat, straight cut, long-sleeved, great taste and a wide collar, or cut-off in the waist sheepskin coat.The most common headgear was felted hats (black or white) with small fields, and later, as in Russian, factory caps, winter - fur cap and Malachai.On his feet were sandals with foot bindings or onoochas on holidays - boots.Simple and convenient.But in order to dress up Mordovian woman took several hours, and two or three assistants.
Unique features
traditional white shirt, embroidered, at Moksha was shorter, so it definitely added pants.Richly embroidered belt from Erzyas replaced Pulayya - hip decoration of beads, sequins, beads, chains.The first girl erzyanka wore it on the day of age and not withdrawn prior to age.During major holidays on top of everything that was put on the belt of beads with red tassels, under which the sides tuck ornate towels.It was called selge pulogay.And Moksha waist decoration women were Kesko rutsyat, worn in several pieces, and is also very ornate.Thus, it is clear that the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, even within one nation had significant differences.And their appearance and manner of wear could accurately determine the approximate age of the women, social status and nationality.
Outerwear
top of all of the above kind of Mordovia women wore a sundress - kafton-krda.Sometimes worn clothing rutsyu swing reminiscent vest length above the knee.And cut and color at subethnoses they are different, as well as leggings.Hats were complex structures that reflect the age, marital and social status.For them, they spared no jewelry.Sumann was the demi-season clothes as men.In winter women wore sheepskin coats with lots of ruffles under waist cutting.Shoes from men is not much different.And, of course, women wore jewelry mokshanki traditional rings, beads, bracelets added bibs.One might add that in the XIX century in Mordovia female costume was added apron.For example, the national costume of the ethnic group shows that the peoples of the Volga women's clothing on the number of items, intricacy and variety of ornaments and additions to significantly exceed men's suit, and women's clothes where as other nationalities easier Mordovia.
Vivid details
Turkic peoples (the second largest in Russia) Tatars is divided into three ethno-territorial groups, one of which is the Volga-Urals.They differ from each other, including traditional clothes.Comparing the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, the Tatar can be identified immediately.He has the pointy hats upwards rounded, wide trousers with a wide step beshmets and very beautiful shoes embossed leather or embroidered velvet.Characteristic and wide shirt, blouse and jackets in the waist.Direct blue coats with sleeves, cut from the shoulder or Chekmenev, reminiscent of ancient Turkic clothes.This indicates that the bright light of human ethnicity, which is the traditional costume, passed a long way of historical development, has preserved the memory of the distant ancestors.
characteristic feature costume
common feature of all the clothes Tatars consider its trapezoidal shape (back always pritalivalas) and the presence in the men and in the women's costume shirt (kulmek) and pants (yshtan).Women's shirt differed only in length - at times it reached the ankles.Tatar shirt different from other tunic shirts are included in all the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region, width and length (in men it reaches to the knees) and stand-up collar.In women under his shirt, which, as a rule, was a deep cut, he was always a bib.Rich Tatar had a shirt made of expensive imported fabrics.Pants distinguished by the fact that the men they were made of striped fabric (pestryad), for women - from the plain.
elegant simplicity
Outerwear: Cossack, tunic and chekmen - was Zapashny, fitted with solid back.In men, there was also a caftan to visit the mosque.A mandatory attribute is the belt.And the top women's clothing differed from men only decorations, which used fur, braid, embroidery and decorative stitch.Considering the traditional costumes of the Volga peoples (Tatar, for example), you can draw the following conclusion: both male and female costumes are not very complicated, that does not make them less beautiful.They differ from each other decorative details and shirt, which in some cases resembles rather a dress with flounces.The main feature of the national dress of any ethnic group is that it is closely connected with the life of the nation, was formed over the centuries and created the entire ethnic community.
Suit Samara Volga
National clothes of the peoples of the Samara Volga region have rich and poor is the same.It differs workmanship, beauty of materials dearness decor.In Samara, in addition to Russian, Ukrainians, Chuvash live and a lot of Tatars.Therefore, the traditional costumes of the Samara Volga region residents are not very different.So, the general women's shirt kulmek behind Samara Tatar national costume, is divided into three types.The first of them is the same as described above shirt - wide, straight, similar to men.It has a major direct panel and two side, expanding downward, direct, leather ribbons cut on the chest.Sleeves complement the crotch along the bottom hem walked shuttlecock.All kulmeki were long.In the second type of shirt flounces climbed to the hips, waist, sometimes up to the chest.Kulmek third kind of more like a dress with a yoke.
Subtleties suits the territory of the Volga region
obligatory membership was female toilet coat that fits on top of shilsya kulmeka and heavy fabrics.A distinctive feature is the close relationship CHEST-neck ornaments headdress.Elderly women wore a kind, ornate tambour embroidery headscarf - orpek.The manner of wearing a headscarf could determine which group owns Tatar woman: to Samara and Kazan Tatars.Suit men Samara edge a little different from the clothes of other peoples of the Volga region.Is that the side wedges kulmeka were wider, resulting in clothing reminiscent of the Cossacks.Over the shirt was worn rather short coat with short sleeves, the latter was a Cossack.In this area Muslim men wearing skullcaps richly beaded ornament on them was a plant.
The characteristics of the costumes of the Middle Volga
National costumes of the peoples of the Middle Volga in common with the above clothes, because living here Russian, Chuvash, Mordvinians and Tatars.For women's clothing is characterized by all the same shirt.I wore it with sundresses different cut or ponёvoy - woolen skirt with an ornate hem.The final piece was Shugay - short warm jacket.The role of the blouse, worn over a shirt, performed navershnik while away, shulpan or sleeves.The male costume was simple, and therefore easy to use: a shirt with a sash, ports striped tucked into shoes.In winter - warm coat free.
lack of striking differences
not have striking differences traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region.Chuvash, too, is not much different, except that the names of parts.All the same tunic shirt Chuvash was called CCEE and pants with wide step - Yem.Women CCEE, decorated with beautiful embroidery, worn with an overlap at the waist, and was worn over a shirt apron (apron).The characteristic ornaments were made of metal badges and coins.Tuhya headdress girls is peculiar: she had the form of a cone-shaped, supplemented its teak (decoration, descends on the forehead) and a headset with ribbons.Shawls Middle Volga Tatar called tuttar.It should be noted that this headgear, especially for women, featured traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region.Chuvash men's suit differed from the others in the main color of pants: they were always white embroidery along the neckline Slayers could have a triangular shape.Outerwear appliqués and embroidery.Ornament decorated chest was the smell and hem.White pryamospinny shupar gown had a very narrow sleeves.
