absolutely all organisms on Earth are influenced by environmental factors.It can be direct or indirect, but still has a significant impact on the life of man, the state of plants and animals.Environmental factor - an element of the environment, causing the organisms to adapt to certain conditions of life.May be affected by the climatic features of the terrain (temperature, humidity, radiation background, topography, lighting), human activities or the livelihoods of various living creatures (parasitism, predation, competition).
certain environmental factors
Wednesday - is a kind of complex conditions surrounding the living organism that affect its vital functions.This may be a set of phenomena of material bodies energies.Environmental factor - a factor of environment to which the organisms have to adapt.This may be a decrease or increase in temperature, humidity or drought, radiation background, human activities, competition among animals, and so on. D. The term "environment" in its essence is a part of nature in which they live organisms, including the fact that they providedirect or indirect influence.These are factors, because they are somehow affect the subject.Wednesday is constantly changing, its component parts are varied, so the animals, plants and even people have to constantly adjust and adapt to the new conditions, to somehow survive and reproduce.
Classification
environmental factors on living organisms can be performed both natural and artificial effects.There are several types of classifications, but are considered to be the most common types of environmental factors such as abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic.All living organisms are somehow affected by phenomena and components of inanimate nature.This is abiotic factors affecting the livelihoods of humans, plants and animals.These in turn are divided into edaphic, climatic, chemical, hydrographic, pyrogenic, orographic.
light, humidity, temperature, barometric pressure and rainfall, solar radiation, wind can be attributed to environmental factors.Edaphic influence on living organisms through heat, air and water regime of the soil, its chemical composition and mechanical structure, the level of groundwater acidity.Chemical factors - a salt composition of water, the gas composition of the atmosphere.Pyrogenic - the impact of fire on the environment.Living organisms have to adapt to the terrain, altitude, as well as to the characteristics of the water content in it of organic and mineral substances.
biotic environmental factor - is the relationship of living organisms, as well as the impact of their relationship to the environment.The impact can be both direct and indirect.For example, some organisms are able to influence the climate, change the composition of the soil, and so on. D. Biotic factors are divided into four types: Phytogenic (plants affect the environment and each other), zoogenic (animals affect the environment and each other)mikogennye (have the impact of fungi) and mikrobiogennye (center of events are micro-organisms).
anthropogenic environmental factor - the change living conditions of organisms in relation to human activities.Actions can be either conscious or unconscious.However, they lead to irreversible changes in nature.Man destroys the soil, pollutes the air and water, hazardous substances, violates the natural landscape.Anthropogenic factors can be divided into four main groups: biological, chemical, social and physical.They are all in varying degrees, affect the animals, plants, microorganisms contribute to the emergence of new species and razed the old.
Chemical influence of environmental factors on organisms generally have a negative impact on the environment.In order to achieve good yields, people use fertilizers and kill pests with poisons, thus contaminating the soil and water.It also should be added to the waste transport and industry.Physical factors suggest movement in planes, trains, cars, the use of nuclear energy, the impact on organisms of vibration and noise.Do not forget about the relationship between people in society.Biological factors include organisms for which the person is a source of food or habitat, here it is worth to carry food.
Environmental conditions
Depending on their characteristics and the forces of different organisms react differently to abiotic factors.Environmental conditions change over time and, of course, change the rules of survival, development and reproduction of microbes, animals and fungi.For example, the life of green plants on the bottom of the reservoir is limited by the amount of light that can penetrate the water column.The number of animals is limited to the abundance of oxygen.Huge impact on living organisms has a fever, because it decrease or increase impact on the development and reproduction.During the Ice Age, not only extinct mammoths and dinosaurs, but many other animals, birds and plants, thus changing the environment.Humidity, temperature and light - these are the main factors that determine the conditions for the existence of organisms.
Light
sun gives life to many plants, animals, it is not as important as the flora, but still they can not do without it.Natural lighting - a natural source of energy.Many plants are divided into light-loving and shade-tolerant.Different species show a negative or positive reaction to light.But the most important influence of the sun has on the day and night, because the various fauna are exclusively nocturnal or diurnal.The action of environmental factors on the organism is difficult to overestimate, but when it comes to animals, the lighting does not affect them directly, it only indicates the need to restructure the processes occurring in the body, so that living beings respond to changes in external conditions.
Humidity
dependence on water for all living beings is very large, because it is necessary for their normal functioning.Most organisms are unable to live in the dry air, sooner or later they are killed.The amount of precipitation over a specific period, characterizes the humidity areas.Lichens catch the water vapor from the air, the plants are fed with the help of roots, animals drink water, insects, amphibians are able to absorb it through the veil of the body.Any substance that receive liquid together via food or fat oxidation.As the plants and animals have many adaptations that allow them to slowly waste water to save her.
temperature
each organism is inherent in their temperature range.If it goes beyond, increasing or decreasing, it may simply be lost.Influence of environmental factors on plants, animals and humans can be both positive and negative.Within the temperature range of the body it is developing normally, but as soon as the temperature approaches the upper or lower limit, life processes are slowed down, and then completely stopped, leading to the death of creatures.Someone needs a cold, someone - the heat, while others may live under different environmental conditions.For example, bacteria, lichens can withstand a wide temperature range, tigers feel well in the tropics and in Siberia.But the majority of the organisms survive in only a narrow temperature range.For example, corals grow in water at 21 ° C.Lowering the temperature or overheating them deadly.
In tropical areas the weather fluctuations are practically invisible, can not be said of the temperate zone.The body is forced to adapt to the change of the seasons, with the onset of winter, many make long migrations, and the plants die at all.Under adverse conditions of temperature, some creatures hibernate to ride out the worst possible time for them.These are just the major environmental factors on organisms are also affected by atmospheric pressure, wind, altitude.
Impact of environmental factors on living organisms
on development and reproduction of living beings is significantly affected by the habitat.All groups of environmental factors usually affect the complex, rather than one by one.The strength of the influence of one depends on the other.For example, the lighting can not be replaced by carbon dioxide, but by changing the temperature, it is possible to stop the photosynthesis of plants.All factors affect the body in one way or another is not the same.The leading role may vary depending on the season.For example, in the spring is important for many plants the temperature during the flowering period - the moisture of the soil, when ripe - humidity and nutrients.There are also limiting factors, the excess or deficiency of which is close to the limits of endurance of the body.They are active even when the living creatures are in a supportive environment.
Influence of environmental factors on plants
For each of flora habitat is considered to be its natural surroundings.It was she who creates all the necessary environmental factors.Habitat provides the plant with the necessary soil moisture, air, light, temperature, wind, the optimal amount of nutrients in the soil.Normal levels of environmental factors normally allows organisms to grow, develop and reproduce.Some conditions can adversely affect the plants.For example, if you put culture on a barren field, in soil that does not have enough nutrients, it will grow very little or no increase at all.This can be called the limiting factor.Still, most of the plants are adapted to environmental conditions.
flora that grow in the desert, adapted to the conditions of using the special form.They are usually very long and powerful roots that can go deep into the ground to 30 m. It is possible and superficial root system allows you to collect moisture during the short rains.Water trees and shrubs kept in barrels (often deformed), leaves, branches.Some residents of the desert are capable of a few months to wait for life-giving water, but more pleasing to the eye for a few days.For example, ephemera scatter seeds that germinate only after the rain, when the desert blooms early in the morning and in the afternoon the flowers fade.
Influence of environmental factors on plants, and impact in cold conditions.The tundra is very harsh climate, short summers, warm it will not name, but the frost last from 8 to 10 months.The snow cover is insignificant, and the wind and bares all plants.Flora typically have a shallow root system, leaves the skin with a thick waxy coating.The necessary supply of nutrients plants accumulate at a time when the polar day lasts.Tundra trees produce seeds germinate only once in 100 years in the most favorable conditions.But lichens and mosses have adapted to reproduce vegetatively.Environmental factors
plants allow them to develop in a variety of settings.Flora dependent on humidity and temperature, but most of all they need sunlight.It changes their internal structure, appearance.For example, a sufficient amount of light allows the trees to grow luxury crown, but bushes, flowers grown in the shade, seem oppressed and weak.
Ecology and people often go their separate ways.Human activities detrimental impact on the environment.The work of industrial enterprises, forest fires, transport, air pollution emissions from power plants, factories, water and soil with residues of oil - all this has a negative impact on growth, development and reproduction of plants.In recent years, many species of flora got into the Red Book, many have died at all.
Influence of environmental factors on human
anything else that two centuries ago, people were much healthier and stronger physically than today.Gainful employment has become increasingly complex relationship between man and nature, but to a certain point they managed to get along.It comes from the way of life of the people of synchrony with the natural modes.Each season had its work attitude.For example, farmers in the spring of plowed land, sowing cereals and other crops.In the summer caring for crops, graze cattle in the autumn - harvested in the winter - were engaged in household chores, relax.Culture of health has been an important element of the general culture of the person, the individual consciousness has changed under the influence of natural conditions.
all changed dramatically in the twentieth century, during the huge leap in the development of science and technology.Of course, before that human activity is essentially damage to nature, but then were beaten all records of the negative impact on the environment.Classification of environmental factors to determine what people are affected to a greater extent, and that - at.Humanity lives in the mode of the production cycle, and it has an impact on health.There is no periodicity, people perform the same work for a whole year, a little rest, constantly somewhere in a hurry.Of course, working and living conditions have changed for the better, but the consequences of such comfort very unfavorable.
Today, contaminated water, soil, air, drop acid rain, destroying plants and animals, damaging the structure and facilities.Thinning of the ozone layer and can not frighten the consequences.All this leads to genetic changes, mutations, human health is deteriorating with each passing year, the number of patients with incurable diseases is growing inexorably.A man is largely influenced by environmental factors, studying the biology of this effect.Previously, people could die from cold, heat, hunger, thirst, in our time humanity "itself digging its own grave."Earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, fires - all these natural phenomena claim the lives of people, but even more people hurting themselves.Our planet is like a ship that is at high speed on the rocks.It is necessary to stop until it's too late to correct the situation, try to pollute less, closer to nature.
human impact on the environment
People complain about the dramatic changes in the environment, deteriorating health and general well-being, but rarely realize that they themselves are to blame in this.Various environmental factors have changed over the centuries, there have been periods of warming, cooling, drying up the sea, the island went under the water.Of course, human nature is forced to adapt to the conditions, but it did not set strict limits to people, do not act spontaneously and rapidly.With the development of science and technology all changed significantly.For centuries mankind has so polluted planet that scientists clutching his head, not knowing how to change the situation.
We still remember the dinosaurs and mammoths, extinct in the glacial period due to the cold snap, and many animal and plant species have been wiped out over the past 100 years, how much more is on the verge of extinction?Big cities are crammed with factories, in the villages of widely used pesticides that pollute soil and water, everywhere there is saturation of transport.On the planet are almost no places that can boast of clean air, unpolluted soil and water.Deforestation, endless fires, the cause of which may not only be a heat wave, but also by human activities, water pollution with oil products, harmful emissions into the atmosphere - all this has a negative impact on the development and reproduction of living organisms, and can not improve people's health.
«Or a person reduce the amount of smoke in the air, and the smoke will reduce the number of people in the world" - a word L. Baton.Indeed, the picture of the future looks depressing.The best minds are fighting over how to reduce pollution, to create a program to invent a variety of cleaning filters, looking for an alternative to those objects which are now the most polluting.
Solutions
environmental issues Ecology and people today can not come to a consensus.All government and non-governmental organizations must work closely together to solve the existing problems.
