word "religion" comes from the Latin term religio, which stands for piety, holiness, piety and superstition.The very concept is a form of social consciousness, due to the belief that in the world there are supernatural phenomena.Such a proposition is the main features and elements of any religion, provided believers.
emergence of religions
Today the world religions include Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.The main characteristic and their features are the places of their distribution, that do not depend on the place of occurrence.The ancient inhabitants of the planet, when creating their own views of religion, first of all take care of the presence of ethnic demands and were hoping for some "fellowcountryman" help their gods.
emergence of world religions has its roots in ancient times.Then there were those beliefs that meet the dreams and hopes of not only people, came from the prophet, announcing the divine will.For such creeds all national limits appeared close.Therefore, they have to possess the mind of millions of people, who inhabited the various countries and continents.So there were areas such as Christianity, Islam and Buddhism.Details will table their views of the world religions.
| Buddhism | Christianity | Islam | ||||
| Great Vehicle | Doctrine oldest | Catholic | Orthodox | Protestant | Suniizm | Shiism |
How did Buddhism and what constitutes this kind of religion?
Buddhism appeared in ancient India in the sixth century BC.The man who founded it, is Siddhartha Gautama, better known among the people as the Buddha.Later it began to consider a specific deity, that is kind of a creature that has reached the highest state of perfection or enlightenment.
world religions are Buddhism and its various directions.For its foundation was taken the so-called doctrine of the Four Noble Truths, which consists of the following sections:
- about suffering;
- the origin and cause of suffering;
- the complete cessation of suffering and the disappearance of his sources.
According to spiritual practice, after passing along such paths going true cessation of torture, and a man finds his highest point in nirvana.The most common of Buddhism in Tibet, Thailand, Korea, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, China, Mongolia, Vietnam and Japan.In Russia, this trend was true in the Caucasus and on Sakhalin.Moreover, today it is profiling religion of Buryatia and Kalmyk steppe.
Everyone knows that the world religions include Buddhism.It is usually divided into the Great Vehicle and Doctrine oldest (Mahayana and Theravada).The first type include the Chinese and Tibetan areas, as well as several individual schools.His followers share the religion of the Great and Lesser Vehicle.The second kind, Theravada is the only surviving school Nikaya.It is very widely used concept of "Metta Bhavana".
Tibetan Buddhism is characterized by the Vajrayana, which is also called the Diamond chariot or tantricheskooy religion.In some cases, it is considered a separate and sometimes a school of Mahayana.This branch is fairly common in countries such as Nepal, Tibet, and it is found in Japan and Russia.
emergence of the first Buddhist literature
While the Buddhist religion flourished, there were literature and writing.This is truly one of the world's religions, as it has millions of followers.Even back in the fourth century BC, the famous Panini has created a grammar of the Sanskrit language, rules and lexical fund which then greatly helped to establish communication and understanding a variety of nationalities and numerous tribes.It was in this period were written in Sanskrit such famous poems as "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana", and in addition, and treatises on various branches of knowledge.
world religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam - are in their tracks certain information.They are impregnated with various collections of fairy tales, myths and fables.In the same period, it has been developed major rules of versification.For the outlook of Buddhism is characterized by a craving for parables, metaphors and similes.Very remarkable and unique religious and philosophical works of literature.Most of them, of course, related to the description of the life of Buddha and his preaching.
influence of Buddhism on the construction of temples
In Japan, for example, with the advent of Buddhism evolved not only new architectural forms, but also construction machinery.This is manifested in a special type of planning temple complexes.A very important technical innovation was the stone foundations.In ancient Shinto designs severity of the building fell on dug into the ground piles.This greatly limits the size of buildings.In the temples of the inner area of the rectangular shape of the surrounding corridor, that covers the roof.Here it was located and gates.
whole monastery area surrounds the outer walls of the ground with a gate on each side.They are named according to the direction where indicated.In addition, a fairly important point is that many of the ancient monuments of Japanese architecture were built of wood.
Indeed, the process of the construction of religious buildings has always been and will be very important.Even from the very beginning of its development, when its infancy basics of world religions, humanity is meant such places.Today, when the major religions have taken root, numerous churches, monasteries, churches, and the rest of the holy places continue to be of great importance and play a huge role in everyone's life.
When and where there was a Christian?
This currently known religion like Christianity, has appeared in the first century AD in Judea (eastern province of the Roman Empire).In addition, world religions, and applies this direction.It is based on the doctrine of the God-man Jesus Christ (the Son of God), which according to legend, came into the world to people with good deeds and preached to them the laws of right living.It was he who took great suffering and a painful death on the cross to atone for their sins.
word "Christianity" comes from the Greek term "Hriotos", which means the anointed one, or Messiah.Today it is considered a monotheistic religion, which, together with Islam and Judaism is part of the Abrahamic religion, along with Islam and Buddhism is part of the three world religions.
Previously, many believed that there are four world religions.In modern times, Christianity is one of the most common beliefs in the world.Today he professes more than a quarter of humanity.This religion ranks first in the world in its geographic spread, that is, almost every country has at least one Christian society.Directly roots of Christian teaching are closely linked to Judaism and the Old Testament.
Legend about Jesus
Gospel and Church tradition says that Jesus or Joshua, which was originally raised as a Jew.He kept the laws of the Torah, the synagogue attended classes on Saturdays, as well as to celebrate the holiday.As for the other apostles and the first followers of Christ, they were Jews.However, after a few years after the church was established, Christianity as the religion began to preach to other nations.
As you know, there are now three world religions.From the beginning, Christianity spread among the Jews in Palestine and in the Mediterranean diaspora, however, starting from the early years, because of the preaching of the Apostle Paul to join him even more followers and the rest of the nations.
Distribution and division of Christianity
Until the fifth century, the spread of the religion was carried out on the territory of the Roman Empire, as well as in the area of its origin.Then - among the Germanic and Slavic peoples, as well as the Baltic and Finnish regions.This is the specificity of the world's religions.Currently, Christianity spread beyond Europe thanks to colonial expansion and the work of missionaries.The main branches of this religion are considered to Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism.
first split Christianity in the eleventh century.At that time there were two largest church.It is western, with centers in Rome and Eastern, whose center was in Constantinople in the Byzantine Empire.As the table shows world religions, Christianity also has its direction.
Catholic Church
first church was called the Catholic (in Greek - the universal or universal).This name reflects the commitment of the Western church to the worldwide dissemination.Pope was a head of the Western Catholic Church.This branch of Christianity preaches the doctrine of the "supernatural merits" of various saints before God.Such acts represent a kind of treasury, which the Church can dispose of as you wish, that is, at its own discretion.
major world religions have their followers in many states.The Catholic followers in Europe, as a rule, are present in such countries as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, France, Belgium, Austria, Luxembourg, Malta, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland.In addition, the Catholic faith is about half of the people in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands, as well as the population of the Balkan Peninsula and part of Western Ukraine and Belarus.
As for the Asian States, there is the Catholic countries are the Philippines, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, India, Indonesia.In Africa, there are Catholics in Gabon, Angola, Congo, Mauritius, Seychelles and in other countries.In addition, Catholicism is very common in America and Canada.
Orthodoxy - the basic direction of Christianity
world religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Islam - are known to all people.What can we say about Orthodoxy?It is another major focus of Christianity.As a rule, it is widespread in Eastern European countries.If you compare it with Catholicism, then Orthodoxy no religious center.Every more or less large Orthodox community is separate, thus forming an autocephalous, and it absolutely does not obey any other centers.
today has fifteen autocephalous status.According to church tradition, which take into account the time of receipt, the official list of these churches is that list: Constantinople, Serbian, Alexandria, Antioch, Russian, Jerusalem, Georgian, Romanian, Eliadskaya, Bulgarian, Cypriot, Albanian, American, Czechoslovakian and Polish.However, the most strengthened Orthodoxy in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and also in some Eastern European countries.
Protestantism - the third within Christianity
It's no secret that the world's religions are Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.Over the third largest Protestant Christianity is considered.It is a certain kind of Christianity and widespread in Western Europe, America and in Russia.Protestants include the Old Catholics, Mennonites, Quakers, Mormons, Moravians, so-called "Christian Commonwealth" and so on.
If we talk about the history of, we can say that Protestantism emerged in the seventeenth century in Germany.This trend has been given the name because it was a kind of protest of the faithful of Western Europe to the administrative power of the Vatican and the Popes.
major world religions have spread throughout the world.The first is the founder of such areas as Protestantism was a German activist Martin Luther.This religion, if we compare it with Catholicism and Orthodoxy, is a lot of flow and churches, the most powerful of them - is Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism.
Protestantism today is very widespread in various Scandinavian countries, America, Germany, Britain, Canada and Switzerland.World its center - it is the United States.And modern Protestantism is characterized by a desire to integrate, and it was reflected in 1948 in the World Council of Churches.
Third World Islam
bases of world religions say that Islam is one of them.This is the third and the latest by the time of occurrence of a world religion.It appeared on the Arabian Peninsula in the early seventh century.The word "Islam" is derived from the Arabic term, which means submission to God, that is, Allah, or else it will.In general, Islam is a monotheistic religion.His followers believe that the very first person, and it is the messenger of the Prophet Adam.In addition, they believe that Islam - this is the first religion of humanity, and worship the One God.Absolutely all the prophets spreading the religion and taught how to serve Allah.
However, the belief at the time was changed by people and lost its authenticity.That is why Allah sent Muhammad the last prophet, through whom religion was transmitted to all the people as the true and perfect direction and the faith of all the Prophets.Muhammad is the last prophet, spread Islam.Here, like other world religions, there is no unity.This confirms the existence of two main directions - Sunni and Shiite.Quantitatively, predominantly Sunni, while the latter live mainly in Iran and Iraq.
Two of Islam
culture of world religions is quite varied.Sunnism is the first branch of Islam.He appeared in the tenth century the Arab caliphate and was a dominant religious group.He served as a split power in the caliphate.If you compare it to the Shiite, here it denied the idea of the nature of Ali and thought to mediate between the people and Allah.
As you know, the world religions is Islam.Shiism is his main focus.He appeared in the seventh century the Arab Caliphate as a group that advocated for the protection of the descendants of Ali and his rights from Fatima.When Shi'ism lost in the fight for supreme power, he became a special course in Islam.
Thus, there are now three world religions.When talking about them (Christianity, Buddhism and Islam), the mean cumulative rather complex concept that includes some mythology, religious activities, religious institutions, forms of relationships between people of faith and religious organizations and more.
In addition, for each direction of religion such moments are characterized by their specific semantic content, its own history and continued existence.A specific study of all these semantic features in the development of many religions, as well as their historical forms, is a special science, which has the name of Religion.
