One of the most appalling manifestations of activity of Hitler and his ideology was the Holocaust - the mass persecution and annihilation of European Jewry in the period from 1933 to 1945.It was an unprecedented example in the history of the destruction along with the Armenian genocide in the early 20th century in the Ottoman Empire.January 27, Holocaust Remembrance Day, was associated with the first release of one of the camps -Osventsima.
The goal - to destroy
main goal pursued by the minions of Hitler and the authors of the solution of the Jewish question was a deliberate extermination of a separate nation.As a result, it killed up to 60% of the Jews of Europe, which accounted for about a third of the overall population of Jews.According to various sources, were killed and 6 million people.The liberation came only in 1945, January 27.International Holocaust Remembrance Day combines the memory not only of the dead Jews.
More broadly, the Holocaust as a phenomenon involves the destruction of Nazi Germany, and other national, homosexual minority, terminally ill, and medical experiments.This term has come to denote, in principle, all criminal acts and the ideology of fascism.In particular, it was killed a third of the total population of Roma.Not including military losses were exterminated about ten percent of the Poles and approximately three million Red Army prisoners of war.
death machine
in mass "cleansing" of human resources and a key focus was sick.The mentally ill and the disabled were subjected to mass extermination.These same applies to homosexuals who have been destroyed nine thousand.Besides destruction, the system of the Holocaust assumed to be constant improvement of the system of extermination.They also include and inhumane medical experiments, which frames the camps put on doctors and scientists concluded Wehrmacht.
truly "industrial" scale extermination continued until the Allied invasion of German territory.In this regard, on January 27 Day of Remembrance for Victims of Nazism, it combines all the purposeful destruction of human life within the established system of camps.
Hebrew term
Jews themselves significantly more likely to use another term - the Shoah, which stands for a policy focused on the Nazi destruction of the people and is translated as a catastrophe or disaster.It is considered a more correct term, rather than the Holocaust.This term combines all those who lived in the occupied territories and died in mass shootings in the camps, prisons, ghettos, refuges and forests, while trying to drag, as a member of the guerrilla, the underground movement during the uprisings, or while trying to escape,crossing the border, it was killed by the Nazis and their supporters.The Hebrew word has appeared most concise and will include representatives of all nations who died at the Nazi regime and passed through the terrible captivity and torture camps, but still surviving.For all of them 27 January - Holocaust Remembrance Day - is a landmark, a historic landmark, which is hardly the Jewish people will ever forget.
numbers of death and life
Immediately after the war began to emerge the first figures on the atrocities of the Third Reich in Europe and Russia.Thus, the earliest estimates for the implementation of a variety of purposes with respect to the "inferior" people - to use as slave labor in the construction and production, isolation, punishment, destruction - was organized by seven thousand camps and ghettos.Among the disabled, among the Jews, were Slavs, Poles, Gypsies, lunatics, homosexuals, terminally ill.In the early 21 th century it was officially announced that such institutions Nazis created about twenty thousand.This is the conclusion reached at the time of research staff and scientists Holocaust Memorial Museum, which is located in Washington.Ten years later, the same museum announced that it has found new locations of these death camps, which, by their calculations, in Europe, there were about 42.5 thousand.
Difficulties in identifying victims
It is known that after the war the world communityHe described the actions of the Nazis as a crime against peace and humanity and decided to judge those who remained.At the famous Nuremberg trials, which lasted more than ten days, was announced at that time the official figure of murdered Jews - six million.However, this figure certainly does not reflect the reality, since there is no list of names of victims.With the approach of Soviet and allied troops Nazis destroyed any traces, which could shed light on the truth.In Jerusalem, at the National Memorial of the Holocaust and Heroism, there is a list of names of identified four million.But the difficulties of counting the true number of victims due to the fact that those killed in the Soviet Union, the Jews could not be counted, because all were classified as "Soviet citizens."In addition, there were many who died in Europe, where there was no one to fix.
In calculating summary data scientists use census information taken before and after the war.According to these data, Poland lost 3 million Jews, Soviet Union - 1.2 million, Belarus - 800 thousand., Lithuania and Germany - 140 thousand., Latvia - 70 th., Hungary - 560 ths., Romania - 280 thousand., Netherlands - 100 ths., in France and the Czech Republic - 80 thousand., Slovakia, Greece, Yugoslavia was destroyed from 60 to 70 thousand. man.Whatever the complexity or cause calculations for all who honor the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust, Nazi atrocities briefly sounded a crime against humanity.
Auschwitz
One of the most famous and terrible death camps.And although there were Nazis rather strict accounting of prisoners, there is no consensus on the number of victims.The global process is called the figure of 4 million people, the SS men who worked in the camp, called 2-3 million, various scientists call from 1 to 3.8 million. Liberation of this particular camp and designated day of January 27 - International Holocaust Remembrance Day.The camp, known in the world like Auschwitz, was established near the Polish city of Oswiecim.From 1941 to 1945, its territory was destroyed 1.4 million people, of whom 1.1 million - Jews.The camp lasted the longest, and went down in history as a symbol of the Holocaust.Two years after the end of the war there was organized museum, which became part of the UNESCO World Heritage.
Since this was the first camp, which was released in the defeat of Nazi troops, he became the quintessence of cruelty, inhumanity, a true hell on earth.According to the decision of the United Nations, January 27, the day of memory of victims of genocide of the 2nd World War II, has become an international day of remembrance.
Three phase solution of the Jewish question
At the international tribunal in Nuremberg was told that the solution to this question was divided into three stages.Until 1940, the Jews of Germany and we clean it occupied the area.By 1942, work was carried out by concentration of the Jewish population in Poland and Eastern Europe, under the control of Germany.Then we were formed across the eastern territory of the ghetto, where they were isolated.The third period lasted until the end of the war meant a complete physical annihilation of the Jews.The order to issue a final decision has been signed directly by Heinrich Himmler.
Before destruction was planned, in addition to the room in the ghetto, to separate them from the other population, so-called segregation, and also provides complete expulsion from public life, confiscation of their property and bring the Jews in such a state, when the possibility of survival would be ensured only by slave labor.The memory about these crimes lies in the events held on January 27.Memorial Day is dedicated not only to those who died, but perhaps especially to those who at the cost of enormous efforts could survive.
Determination Date
It is worth noting that not once was designated in World War Chronicle International Holocaust Remembrance Day.The date was approved by a separate UN resolution, which was adopted November 1, 2005.Then, a special meeting of the UN General Assembly dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the liberation, began with a minute of silence.The meeting was attended, and a country that has become a source of monstrous catastrophe of European Jewry.Democratic Germany, said then her representative, learned from dangerous and monstrous errors of their past, the wrong methods of control, confused leadership.It is for this country on 27 January Holocaust Remembrance Day in Germany, the annual ceremony on this occasion are the incessant reminder of mistakes.However, the German people understand their responsibility to these people and do not knowingly zamylivaet past.In 2011, the first time that day and included references to the Roma as victims of genocide.
Educating the younger generation
atrocities of man against man remain in the history and memory of mankind forever.However, there are such crimes, a reminder of which should be repeated from time to time to prevent, protect, prevent.It relates to the offense of systematic destruction of the Nazis all those whom they regarded as inferior races and do not deserve the right to life.To better study this period in schools conducted open lessons with demonstration of a documentary chronicle, including surveys made by the Nazis in the camps and mass executions.
«January 27 - Holocaust Remembrance Day" - homeroom with the same name held in many Russian and European schools.In these lessons, explained in detail the origin of the word and its meaning.In particular, the word has a biblical Greek root that means "burnt offering."During the lessons the students show horrific slides of photos which have flown the whole world after the international tribunal fixed the meaning of the international tragedy of the Holocaust.
light a wedge has converged
The first question that arises in the study of the Holocaust, why such hatred is called the Jewish people?Why did the Jews have become the main purpose of the program of destruction of mankind?The unequivocal answer to these questions today.One common version is that during this period the mass consciousness of the Germans was a peculiar anti-Semitism, which Hitler was able to inflate to incredible sizes.That is why, under the guise of common interest, and he was able to realize its goal of elimination.
Another cause of such connivance of the German people is called what was taken away from Jewish property after Kristallnacht in November 1938, it was transferred to ordinary Germans.Among other reasons for the struggle for their property and the leading position that the Jews occupy in society, it referred to as one of the frontrunners.However, besides the head of Hitler's rhetoric was the question of racial superiority.And all those who, according to his theory, was the worst of the Aryans signs, clear only the supporters of this idea, it was necessary to destroy.And on 27 January - Holocaust Remembrance Day - it is the regular reminder to what can bring the orthodox worship and submission to whatever was the idea.
International Day of suffering
Although an accomplished understanding of the international nature of the tragedy, for over half a century a single day of memory of the victims of those terrible events was not.And only in 2005 it was decided to select a date, which was the day of the liberation of Auschwitz, the first camp - January 27.Holocaust Remembrance Day Yet in some countries, there is in your date.In Hungary, this day was chosen day of the mass migration of Hungarian Jews in the ghetto - April 16, 1944.The period of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, which took place in January 1943 and was suppressed elected as a commemorative date in Israel.According to the Jewish calendar is the day of 27 Nisan.According to the Gregorian calendar, this date coincides with the period April 7 to May 7th.In Latvia memorable day was elected on July 4 when in 1941 all synagogues were burned.October 9, 1941 began mass deportations of Romanian Jews.This was the date of the Holocaust in Romania.Holocaust Remembrance Day is celebrated in Germany as well as around the world on January 27.
