Important than does the date 6 November 1943 - the liberation of Kiev.On this day, there was an event which with bated breath waiting for the people of this ancient city.Today, with its own history is rewritten and actively implemented a new look at it is especially important to know the truth about the events of those years.In particular, all those who questioned the heroism of those who happened through the liberation of Kiev (1943), should be reminded of the crimes of the Nazis.
Even hard to imagine what might be the consequences of a longer stay in the city the troops of the Third Reich, when just two years of occupation in Babi Yar was shot about 100 thousand civilians, the population dropped to 180 thousand, and 150 thousand inhabitants of the SovietUkraine were sent against their will to work in Germany.
situation at the front at the beginning of November 1943
August 26 began the battle for the Dnieper, which followed one of the most famous operations in the history of warfare - the battle of Kursk.Soviet troops had overpowering force the water obstacle, the West Bank which has been transformed into a powerful Wehrmacht defense line, known as the "East Wall".At the same time the Germans had expected the Soviet troops begin an offensive in the winter and crossed the Dnieper after it established the ice.
a result of the success of the offensive of the Red Army seized a bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper and came to the river north and south of Kiev.Thus were created the preconditions for a strong autumn offensive.
liberation of Kiev from fascist invaders: preparation for surgery
Initially the command of the First Ukrainian (former Voronezh) Front assumed immediately put two punch.Chief among them was to be done by the Bukrin springboard, located 80 km south of the city of Kiev, and the sub - from the north.In accordance with this plan, in October twice attempted to attack.However, both times with blows Burkinskiy direction failed, but it was expanded the bridgehead, which was in the area north of Kiev Lyutezha.Its something and it was decided to use for the final assault, the purpose of which was to be the liberation of Kiev.At the same time the troops on the beachhead Burkinskiy instructed to "tie" it as much as possible the Wehrmacht, and if conditions are favorable - to break through the front and start moving forward.For these purposes it was used ruse.In particular, that the opponent did not notice transferring the 3rd Guards Tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead armored vehicles have replaced models, which were to mislead the enemy pilots, conducting reconnaissance flights.
enemy forces before the battle for Kiev
By the beginning of November, the Red Army in the Kiev area were armed with about 7,000 guns and mortars, 700 aircraft and 675 tanks and self-propelled guns.The same number of fighters and bombers were the enemy.However, the number of guns and artillery as well as tanks, from the Red Army was a slight advantage.At the same time to cover the city from the north, the German command ordered the construction of three fortified defense zones, the presence of which was to significantly hinder the movement of our troops.
Liberation of Kiev (1943): The first phase of the operation
Start offensive was given a morning of November 3.First, powerful artillery preparation was carried out, followed by a blow from the west, bypassing Kiev.It carried out 60 th and 38 th Army forces with the support of the Fifth Guards Tank Corps.Currently air battle ensued, during which was shot down 31 enemy aircraft, and the entire Soviet aces made 1150 sorties.Fierce battles were fought on the ground.As a result, at the end of the day it turned out that our strike force moved throughout the front at a distance of 5 to 12 km.
Events November 4, 1943
Liberation of Kiev somewhat delayed due to adverse weather conditions.The fact is that during the day on November 4 was drizzling rain.To increase the pressure of the attacking Soviet troops, the battle was introduced first Guards Cavalry Corps and reserves, including the first Czechoslovak Brigade, under the command of L. Svoboda.In addition, the evening in the attack, which lasted at night, attended by units of the Third Guards Tank Army, spoke at the spotlight that spread panic among the German soldiers.
November 5
Another early morning Soviet tanks came to Svyatoshin and blocked the highway connecting Kiev and Zhitomir, thereby cutting off the Kiev group of the remaining forces of the Nazis.The whole day was fighting with the infantry, artillery, aircraft and armored vehicles, in which the enemy suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat.
November 6
Finally, late at night, Soviet troops entered Kiev.When the city was going pretty fast, as Red Flag was raised over him 00 hours and 30 minutes, and by the 4th o'clock in the morning in the town of gunfire finally subsided.
At the same time, it was estimated that the troops of the First Ukrainian Front defeated the tank 2, 9 and one motorized infantry division.
final stage of the operation
Since early November the command of the German Army Group "South" planned counterattack in the area of Krivoy Rog, Nikopol and Apostolovo, it could not be used to hold the capital of Soviet Ukraine, its reserves represented by tank and motorized divisions.This fact accelerated the liberation of Kiev from the Nazis, and for 7 November, troops of the First Ukrainian Front managed to release as the city Fastow.However, a back-up 10-11 November German troops arrived to help the retreating Wehrmacht troops, and began the first serious German counterattacks.However, a week (November 13) was released Exactly.The attack was so powerful that parts of the Seventh Army Corps Wehrmacht ceased to retreat, only reaching 50 km south of Kiev.In this 13th and 60th Army to the end of November reached the line to the east and north of Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch and Yelsk.
As the country celebrated the victory
liberation of Kiev from the Nazis (date: November 6, 1943) was greeted by the Soviet people with a sense of great joy.On this occasion, in Moscow salute was fired 24 volleys.It was attended by a record number of guns.
for exceptional courage and heroism in battle, which resulted in the liberation of Kiev, with orders and medals was awarded 17,500 people.Among them were the commander and 139 soldiers of the First Czechoslovak Brigade.As for the division of the military, then to his banner he was attached to the Order of Suvorov second degree.In addition, the 65 Soviet units and formations were awarded the honorary title of Kiev.Among them, the troops under the command of Colonel-General K. Moskalenko, Lieutenant-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko S. Krasovsky and Major General P. Korol'kova.
results
Liberation of Kiev (date: November 6, 1943) was of strategic importance for the situation on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.During the operation, troops of the Soviet Union defeated the nine infantry, one motorized and two Panzer Division seized and destroyed 600 tanks, 1,200 guns and mortars, as well as 90 aircraft.An important bridgehead was established along the banks of the Dnieper length of 230 km to 145 km in depth, which later played a significant role in the battle for the liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine.In addition, the Soviet command was able to disrupt the German generals ready to counterattack in the direction of Kirovograd.
miscalculations
Soviet military commander, planned and carried out the operation, which resulted in the liberation of Kiev, were made and some bugs.In particular, as the advancing units of the Red Army failed to destroy the main forces of the enemy, after November 15, he was able to counter-attack, and until December 22, our troops could not achieve significant advancement in this sector.
casualties
death toll on both warring parties reached several thousand.In particular, the Soviet historiography to describe the loss of the Red Army, the following figures: 6,491 people killed, 24 078 - wounded.As for the Wehrmacht, that killed 389 soldiers and wounded 3018.
response in the press
Liberation of Kiev and the successes of Soviet troops on the territory of the Right-Bank Ukraine caused a wide resonance.Particularly striking were the articles in English and American press, which regarded this event as a major defeat of the Third Reich.For example, in the message of the famous Radio London, it was noted that when the Wehrmacht occupied Kiev, the Nazis boasted that not far off the complete defeat of the Red Army throughout the south-east, and after the liberation of the Ukrainian capital has Germany itself began to hear the sound of the funeral bell.
Now you know how was the liberation of Kiev, and what were the losses of the warring parties, and the results of this operation have influenced the further course of the Great Patriotic War.
