There are several ways of word formation.Thanks to them, language is constantly in development.One of them - the suffix method.This means that the root of an existing word and the suffix is added (if necessary) the end.Also, people are used to produce new words prefixes.Often, there is a way to platformers-suffix.
word formation in Russian
unit of speech is the word.And it can be presented as a separate part of speech, and performance.The structure may have only the first option, because it is treated, and the names, and a lot of verbs, special verb forms of any type participles, gerunds, adverbs and others. The word has a root - the main part, in which lies the whole meaning of the speech unit and subsidiary,which can not only be complementary, but also to change the meaning of the word beyond recognition - it's about prefixes and suffixes.
suffix derivation method
Consider, for example, a word consisting of the same root - "laughter" (ending in the word zero).Only support in the form of particles prefix or suffix will and will not be laughing, but there will be many new meanings and parts of speech.But there is one thing: the letters can change radically, that is interlaced.In this case, the change will be laughter - mixed media - CME.
- With suffix -tuples can get a new word - a laugh, which means "quiet laughter" or "secretive".An example would be using the word sentence: "Giggle Leo Vasilyevich seemed suspicious to me."Here we have a way to suffix word formation.
- With suffix -ink- turns the word "smeshinka", which means something fun that causes laughter."The room burst Grisha: it is clearly in the mouth was smeshinka, because he was the mouth to the ears."Here, too, there is a way to suffix, although further to the base end joined.
formation of words with the suffix and prefix
unit of speech is often obtained with the assistance of a prefix.So call prefix.But more often people use platformers-suffix method.Examples of words obtained with the participation and suffixes and prefixes together, may be considered in relation to the same root "laughter."
- eg adding a prefix and suffix -k- (end do not take into account), we get a new word - "mockery", which is already offensive or jocular saying, joke, mockery or action.It often represent expression (muzzle) or sight.Example: "In the meantime the cat Vaska mockingly looked silly mouse methane from corner to corner."A new word appeared thanks prefix and suffix eg -k-.This unit of language is quite different semantic meaning.From the involuntary physical reaction to human or tickle the humor in using muscle movements of the face and play certain sound was a deliberate act or offensive terms.
- When you add a prefix and suffix y -k- laughter turns into a grin that is short an easy smile, sometimes with an ironic or even bitter flavor."I did not like the smile of my pet: he too thinks of himself."
- Using the same time several suffixes, and somehow: -nu-, -t- and Xia, as well as the prefix y, you can get another part of speech - verb "smile", which means "to drawface smile. ""Finding the kitchen cats brazenly eat up my catch, I could only smile bitterly."
Education of words without going to another part of speech
noun form suffixed way may acquire additional value, color, specification, for example, by size, or coloring attitude of the speaker."Assistants" in this matter are very different suffixes.Consider some of them, in the formation method which uses suffix.Examples demonstrate that the lexical meaning remains the same, but the words appeared in other colors and an indication of any distinguishing features.
diminutive suffix
They point to the size, weight or volume of the object, spirit or events that differ from most existing around.
For example, these are the diminutive suffix -ek, -IR.Suffixed way formed the word lock, that is a small castle.In the same way there was a unit of language "key" - a device for opening, but smaller size relative to others.
-tuples suffixes - / - ёk- also act in a similar role: flame, wind, sweater.
sometimes giving way to use multiple shades diminutive suffixes, such as -och - / - and ech- -k-: twig cup.However, these words are a kind of transition in the vocabulary of only indicates the size (volume, weight, power) to painted attitude of the speaker, that is, with a touch of diminutive nouns.After all, "cup" can be called normal by volume dishes, but beloved.
diminutive suffixes
To give effect to the hue diminutive endearment used -enk suffixes - / - onk-, -ushk - / - yushk-, -yshk-: mama, berёzonka, volyushka, svekrovushka, Sun.
1. My svekrovushka - it is a miracle!
2. She told me, and mother, and friend, and sovetchitsa and wise mentor.
3. With the birth of little daughter in the house was like a constant sun shines!
In the same act the role -ets - / - eggs - / - Ih.
1. Festive dress so changed the face of the girl that everyone just opened their mouths in astonishment!
2. Although paltetso it was not enough, Natasha did not want to put on the new - that kind of love from her father revealed to the present.
- Suffix -k- as discussed above -ochk - / - echk-, can serve as a diminutive, but is more commonly used to form words with the diminutive shade: pen, pine, cape.
to indicate cubs animals used -onok - / - ёnok-.
1. Bear waddled funny, hurrying to keep up with the mother bear.
2. Squirrel wanted to jump from branch to branch, as does my mother, but unsuccessfully fallen from a tree in the grass.
suffix conferring said magnifying shade
Such a morpheme -isch-.And interesting is the fact that it is used in conjunction with the ending -a in the feminine gender, and th in the men's and the average.Word formed with the ending -e is the neuter form, but always so is.For example, domische will remain masculine noun, when using it in the context of the need to properly combine the adjective or participle, referring to it as well as the use of the verb, if it is in the past tense.
- We were surprised when instead saw a huge shanty domische!
- creature flung open his purple enormous eyes and stared directly at us.
- wonder how tall was the chelovechische whose remains archaeologists found?
- That's polenische!Not only can you build a table legs, but also the remains of a tree stump used as seating.
- huge paws peasant so gently touched the boy golovёnki that tears itself.
Suffixes forming names of persons
role of this morpheme is difficult to overestimate.Some educated with the help of her words are so firmly established in it that often people do not even share the root and preformative part.
- Sometimes a suffix -ik- can not act as a diminutive or a diminutive, and for the formation of a completely new word.It is also a way of suffix, examples of words formed in this way demonstrate the above: an old man, wise guy, skromnik.
- Interesting suffixes involved in the formation of names of people of certain professions or occupations -Tel / -itel, -chik, -schik - / - lschik, -ar, -l-, -ist-, -ih-.For example:
1. Bazhov - narrator of folk legends - has collected a lot of amazing stories and wrote them down.
2. This welder - a master of his craft!
3. rhythms of drummer knocks dashing new hit!
4. The student must surpass his teacher.
5. Plowman wiped the sweat from his face and his eyes stared pensively into the distance.
6. Zapevalov Detachment was sociable cheerful girl with a huge mop of red hair.
7. Nagaev Aleksandr Petrovich - one of the most talented composers and Russian accordionists.
8. The doctor sighed wearily, sadly stroked the baby on the head: "How much more pain and suffering you have to endure, pipsqueak?" - Whispered.
- suffix -ets- can characterize the place of residence, property rights, the action of: Caucasian, stubborn, stupid, tripe.
Some suffixes are not considered above
-From- "Permafrost ice emanates from this heart."
-estv - / - stv-: "Youth is always different vehemence, intolerance of lies and hypocrisy."
-I / -ost-: "Maturity is determined not so much by a man age as wisdom, insight, intelligence."
ism - / - izn-: "Realism and Romanticism were characterized by many world writers."
-nik-: "The samovar made in Gzhel style, looks extravagant decoration of dishes in general».
-invariant "sturgeon, as well as lamb, like gourmets all over the world».
-lk- -k, -l- "soap and a comb - chistyuli best friends".
Education adverbs
Asked what words suffixed formed way it should be noted that the "born" so not only nouns, but otherpart of speech. If the adjective to the base to add Oh, you can easily get an adverb. For example, the word "brave first" turn into a "brave-o ',' wise th" in "wise-o", "duty-D"in the" on-duty ».
options suffixes preformative adverb, a great multitude, as from the same root occurs several dialects, which are as if frozen forms of nouns with case endings: first, first, first (cf.:at the beginning of the beginning, from the beginning).
general educational adverbs and numerals
also adverbs can be formed using the prefix and suffix -omu Therefore, -emu, -s, -their.Similar words came from ordinal numbers.Example:
«Anew play emeralds in the image of Sofia, they look harmonious with her evening dress - his wife whispered in your ear, James.
- Not only - Kate replied.- Firstly, they come to her eyes, and secondly, not only blends perfectly with the dress, but also with the rest of the accessories. "
Education adjectives
Words denoting the quality of the subject, the most common suffixes such as: -chiv - / - showers, -chat-, -ovat - / - evat, -l-, -chn-, -n-, -nn-.
example:
- Delicate blue tint of the sky and cirrus clouds caused in my heart inexplicable peace and joy.(Bluish: -ovat-; cirrus -ist-).
- Bakery that is located next to the road, always attracted me with its vanilla, warm and so delicious flavors.(Bakery: -n-, "vanilla" -n-, "tasty" -n-).
- turbulent river full of life: tranquility of its inhabitants can not see, is not wrapped in a peaceful direction.(Turbulent: -liv-; "inhabitants" -tel-).
- Light pink bud blossomed almost a month in her garden.(Light: -o; Pink: s).
As you can see, a lot of words formed by a large number of suffixes.Today this process continues.People, poets and writers, comedians and businessmen form their own, original words, blowing them to the people, where they take root.Thus, the Russian language is constantly evolving, adding to its lexical composition.
